Lesson Eleven -
"Refugees Celebrate 40
Years in the
(adapted from the Monterey Herald)
Yesterday
Japanese-Americans gathered with their children in Salinas. All afternoon they were celebrating their 40
years in the US.
Japanese farmers have
made the Salinas Valley a famous flower-growing region.
The Refugee Relief Act of 1953 allowed Asians to come to the
US. Before 1953, the US had stopped
immigration from Asian. In 1956 2,500
farmers came to the Salinas Valley.
Those farmers knew a lot about flowers. Their families had been growing flowers in
Japan for hundreds of years. After
World War II the US government was very slow to open immigration from Asia. Isao Etoku was one of the first eight
farmers to come here.
He had lived in Kagoshima Prefecture. He changed his name to Sam after he had
arrived in California. He had been
working in Fresno for several years before he came to Salinas in 1959. He came with no English and no money.
Isao was the
youngest of six children on a small rice and tobacco farm. At that time he thought that he would never
have any opportunities in his life. Those
immigrants faced a lot of discrimination.
They worked very hard for low pay.
People took advantage of them. Their
work had changed the Salinas Valley by the early 1980's.
In the 1980's the
Salinas Valley was one of the top five flower-growing centers in the US. In the 1980's supermarkets, gas stations,
and produce stands were selling flowers.
Before that people had only been buying flowers for special
occasions. The Uemura family moved to
Salinas in 1960. They have been working
in the flower-growing business since then.
Mr. Uemura died in 2000. He had
only learned to speak a little English. His
wife passed away in 2004. She spoke no
English. They left behind a large
successful family.
Exercise One – Find the shifters
and show the ties in the following sentences.
What is the Orientation, Relationship, and Aspect of each action?
Japanese farmers have made the Salinas Valley a famous
flower-growing region.
Yesterday Japanese-Americans gathered with their children in
Salinas.
All afternoon they were celebrating their 40 years in the US.
The Refugee Relief Act of 1953 allowed Asians to come to the
US.
Before 1953, the US had stopped immigration from Asian.
In 1956 2,500 farmers came to the Salinas Valley.
Those farmers knew a lot about flowers.
Their families had been growing flowers in Japan for hundreds
of years.
After World War II the US government was very slow to open
immigration from Asia.
Isao Etoku was one of the first eight farmers to come here.
He had lived in Kagoshima Prefecture.
He changed his name to Sam after he had arrived in
California.
He had been working in Fresno for several years before he
came to Salinas in 1959.
He came with no English and no money.
He was the youngest of six children on a small rice and
tobacco farm.
At that time he thought that he would never have any
opportunities in his life.
Those immigrants faced a lot of discrimination.
They worked very hard for low pay.
People took advantage of them.
Their work had changed the Salinas Valley by the early
1980's.
In the 1980's the Salinas Valley was one of the top five
flower-growing centers in the US.
In the 1980's supermarkets, gas stations, and produce stands
were selling flowers.
Before that people had only been buying flowers for special
occasions.
The Uemura family moved to Salinas in 1960.
They have been working in the flower-growing business since
then.
Mr. Uemura died in 2000.
He had only learned to speak a little English.
His wife passed away in 2004.
She spoke no English.
They left behind a large successful family.
Their success is a great American story.
Grammar Point
-
To choose the
correct form of the X-word and verb, decide on
1.
Orientation - Present or Past?
2.
Relationship - Same Time, Earlier, or
Later?
3.
Aspect - Long action, continuing
or Finished?
Exercise Two -
Complete the verbs and
X-words in the sentences below. Do not look at the story above.
1. Japanese farmers (make)
__________ the
2. Yesterday Japanese-Americans
(gather) ______________ with their children in
3. All afternoon they (celebrate)
________________ their 40 years in the
4. The Refugee Relief Act of 1953
(allow) ________________ Asians to come to the
5. Before 1953, the US (not allow)
______________ immigration from Asia.
6. In 1956 2,500 farmers (come)
_______________ to the
7. Those farmers (know)
________________ a lot about flowers.
8. Their families (grow)
_______________ flowers in
9. After World War II the
10. Isao Etoku (be) ______________
one of the first eight farmers to come here.
11. He (live) ______________ in
12. He (change) ______________ his
name to Sam after he (arrive)
_______________ in
13. He (work) _____________in
14. He (speak) ____________ no
English and (have) ___________ no money when
he (come) ____________ here.
15. He (be) _________ the youngest
of six children on a small rice and tobacco farm.
16. At that time he (think)
_____________ that he (never have) __________________ any opportunities in his
life.
17. Those immigrants (face)
________________ a lot of discrimination.
18. They (work) _________________
very hard for low pay.
19. People (take) ________________
advantage of them.
20. Those farmers (not know)
______________that in the next 20 years their work (change) _______________ the
21. By the 1980's the
22. In the 1980's supermarkets, gas
stations, and produce stands (sell) ____________ flowers.
23. Before the 1980's people (only
buy) ________________ flowers for special occasions.
24. The Uemura family (be)
___________ one of these first families.
25. They (move) ____________ to
26. They (work) _________________
in the flower-growing business since then.
27. Mr. Uemura (die) ____________ in 2000.
28. He (only learn) _______________
to speak a little English before his death.
29. His wife (pass) _____________
away in 2004.
30. She (speak) ______________ no
English.
31. They (leave) ________________
behind a large successful family.
32. Their success (be)
_________________ a great American story.
Grammar Point -
You can combine two
sentences with includers to show time relationships among the
actions. The included sentence is a shifter.
The Shifter tells the time of the sentence. For example,
EARLIER SAME TIME
She had eaten
lunch before she came home.
SAME TIME EARLIER
She ate
lunch after she had come home.
SAME TIME SAME TIME-finished
She ate lunch when
she came home.
SAME TIME SAME TIME – not finished
She came home while her children were eating lunch.
She was talking while her children were eating.
Exercise Three
-
Combine the two sentences to
make the time relationships clear. You may have to change some Verb and X-word
forms. The Orientation of all the
sentences is to the Past.
SAME TIME SAME TIME
1. I was not hungry. I came home.
I was not hungry when I came home.
EARLIER SAME TIME
2. Henry lost his wallet. He got to work.
SAME TIME EARLIER
3. Susan called her friend. She left work.
EARLIER (long action) SAME TIME
4. The Jones lived in Salinas. They moved to
SAME TIME SAME TIME (not finished)
5. Joe arrived at their house. They
watched TV.
SAME TIME EARLIER (long action).
6. Joe arrived at his house. His kids watched TV for two hours.
SAME TIME EARLIER
7. Henry lost his wallet. He got to work.
SAME TIME EARLIER
8. Susan called her friend. She left work.
SAME TIME (not
finished) SAME TIME (not finished)
9. Susan worked.
Her boyfriend studied.
EARLIER (long action) EARLIER
10. Susan’s boyfriend lived in Monterey for a few
months. He met her.
Exercise Four –
Is the Orientation Past of Present?
Write the correct form of
the X-word and Verbs. Follow the
example.
1. Farmers (get) ____________________
up very early in the morning.
2. Every farmer (start) _________________before
sunrise.
3. They (already work)
____________ for a few hours before
we even (get) ____________________ up in the morning.
4. They (need)
__________________ to do many different things each day.
5. Before lunchtime, they
(already complete) _______________ five or six different jobs.
6. Then they (do)
___________________ another five or six jobs after lunch.
7. At this moment in the
8. They (drive)
_________________ tractors and (turn) ___________ the earth.
9. They (spread)
__________________ fertilizers and (plant) __________________ seeds.
10.Many farmers in this area
(farm) _______________ the same land for over a hundred years.
11. Before you and I (come)
________________ here to
12. Maybe a hundred years from
now, farmers (work) __________________ the land too.
13. Of course, farming (be) _____________
different kind of business.
14.__________ you ever (think)
____________ about becoming a farmer.
Exercise Five
– Tell your neighbor about your life before you
came to California. Let's write some
questions to ask each other before we begin.
1. Where
2. What
3. Why
4. When
5. Who
6. How much
7. How many
8. Whose
9. What
10. What
Exercise Six -
Write a story about your
and/or your neighbor's life before
coming to California.
Exercise Seven
–
Read the children’s story
below. Then show all the shifters and mark all the includers with an i. Mark all the coordinators
with a +.
Once upon a time, an old man and old woman lived near the ocean. When the man got up every morning, he drank some hot tea or water and ate a piece of hard bread for breakfast. One day, after he had eaten, he put on his warm jacket and went fishing. That day he caught a large fish while he was sitting in his little boat. The fish had never been caught before the old man caught him on this day. The fish begged the man to let him go. Even though he wanted the fish, he let the fish go. The fish said that he would give the man three wishes. The old fisherman let the fish go because he was a kind man. He did not believe that his three wishes would come true.
When he got home that evening, he told his wife about the fish and the wishes. She got very excited after she had heard her husband’s story. She told her husband to go back immediately to the ocean and ask for a nice house to live in. When the husband heard this, he said no, but his wife told him to go or she would kill him. After the fisherman had called to the fish a few times, the fish finally pushed his head out of the water. The fisherman asked for his first wish. The fish said, “When you get home, you will have your wish.”
When he got home, his wife was standing
in the doorway of a very pretty house, but she was not happy. She had already decided that she wanted a
bigger house, nice clothes, and lots of good food. When she told her husband to return to the
fish, the husband did not want to go.
His wife had yelled at him many times before he finally agreed to return
to ask for the second wish. He was
afraid of his wife, so he returned to the ocean. After he had left the house, he started to
feel even more afraid. When he got to
the ocean, he called to the fish and the fish came out of the water. Before the old man even asked for anything,
the fish had told him to go home, for he had already granted his second wish. He told the fisherman that he would find a
bigger house, nice clothes, and lots of good food.
When he got home, his wife was waiting for him. She was not satisfied. She said, “I have been thinking about
something since you left.
I want you to go back to the
fish. When he comes to you, you tell him
this. Your wife wants a palace, for she
wants to be the queen of this country.”
After he had heard this, he became very afraid. He did not want to go back to the fish, so before
he left his house again, he had begged his wife to change her mind. She refused and he returned to the fish. When the fish saw the old fisherman again, he
told him this. “When you return to your
house, you will have everything you deserve.”
When the old man returned home, he saw his original little house and his
wife in her old clothes.
Exercise Eight
– Please talk about the questions below with a partner. When you are ready, write your answers to the
questions below.
Children’s stories often have a moral. The moral of a story is the important lesson someone should learn when he hears the story.
1. What is the moral of
this fish story?
Do you know any children’s
stories?
2. What
is the name of one story?
3. Who
told you this story?
4. What
happens in this story?
5. Does this story have a moral? What is it?
6. Do you know another story with a moral? What is the story? What is the moral?
7. Do you ever tell stories to anyone?
8. Have you told a story lately?
9. Who did you tell?
10.
What was the story?
11.
Did the person enjoy it?
12.
Did the person ask you any questions about the story? What were they?
13.
How long has it been since you have heard a good story?
14.
What was the story?
Exercise Nine
– Use a coordinator to combine the two
sentences or constructions. and - or - but - yet - so - for
1.
Some restaurants do not serve breakfast _____ dinner.
2. Miriam loves cats _____ dogs.
3. Miriam wants a pet, ____ her landlord does
not allow pets.
4. She wants to move to a small house, _____ she
can get a dog.
5. She has started to look on Craig’s list,
______ she wants to move soon.
6. She has also begun to work extra hours, _____
she can save some money.
7. It’s expensive to move, _____ she needs to
rent a truck.
8. Her friends ____ family can help her move,
_____ she must first find a roommate.
9. She may ask a coworker _____ someone from her
class.
10. She does not want to move, _____ she really
wants to have a dog.
Exercise Ten – Finish the story with capitals, apostrophes, and punctuation.
my favorite
childrens story is cinderella it is about a teenage girl she lives with her
stepmother and three very mean sisters the stepmothers name is giselle and the
sisters names are noselle and riselle they treat cinderella very meanly they
make her work hard and sleep on the cold floor cinderellas father does not help
her but the story has a happy ending the prince of Lapland gives a fancy
party he invites all the people of his
kingdom he meets cinderella at the party
he falls in love with her and she falls in love with him because he wants to marry he asks
cinderella when they get married
cinderella moves to the castle they live happily ever after
Exercise
Eleven –
Choose the correct
preposition.
over by in of
up at
between into on for to off among Inside from
Carla had gotten ______ before the
sun rose _____ Monday morning. She was
______ at 5 am. She walked ______ the
kitchen ________ make some coffee. She
turned _________ the light and looked _________ the freezer. ______ the freezer she found some coffee
_______ a shelf.
She opened the package, but no
coffee was ______. She also looked
________ a box of cookies and a box of cereal, but she could not find any
coffee. She even searched _________ all
the small packages _____ tea and sugar _________ the kitchen drawers. She turned _______ the light. It was too
early ______ go ______ the store, but she has a good neighbor _______ her
street. They are like sisters. She went _______ ______ her house. The neighbor was still _______ bed. She knocked _______ the door and waited. She had been waiting ________ 10 minutes when
she finally called _______, "Sara, Sara.
It's Carla. Please open the door. I'm sorry _______ bother you so early
________ the morning." But, Carla
needed _____ get ______ work early. Her
new employee was coming _________
GRAMMAR NOTE – English has two
kinds of nouns. Most nouns are count
nouns. For example,
one book/two books one student/two students one dollar/two dollars
Some nouns are non-count. For example,
gasoline / furniture
/ money / happiness
Exercise Twelve – Place a C after the count nouns and NC after the non-count nouns.
1. respect
2. bird
3. sand
4. moon
5. water
6. turtle
7. anger
8. friend
9. equipment
10. air
11. smoke
12. cigarette
13. sugar
14. cream
15. cup
16. coffee
17. dish
18. love
19. argument
20. idea
GRAMMAR NOTE – Use many, a few, and few with count
nouns and much, a little, and little with non-count nouns.
Exercise Thirteen – Finish the
sentences with many, a few, few, much,
a little, and little.
1. ______ people speak
six or more languages.
2. ______ people speak
their own first language and English.
3. He works three jobs
and has ______ free time.
4. On his one day off
he likes to spend _______ time in the garden.
5. She is extremely
friendly and knows _______ people.
5. Her friend is shy
and has _____ few friends, just one.
6. A cup of coffee
costs _____ dollars.
7. He wants more
friends because he has ______ friends.
8. My friend doesn’t
work or go to school. He has _____ free
time.
9. Janet’s car is a
hybrid and gets ______ miles to the gallon.
10. Her husband has a
large truck and he get ____ miles to the gallon.
11. Bill Gates is a
millionaire and has _____ money.
12. His wallet is full
because he always has _____ dollars in it.
13. I don’t want a
full cup of coffee. Give me just _____
coffee.
14. George ate only
_____ cookies. He is on a diet.
15. Maria is allergic
to chocolate, so she eats very _____ chocolate.
Exercise Fourteen
–
Ask your neighbor the
following questions. After you ask each other, write your and/or your partner's
answers to hand in.
Where
was your high school? What was its name?
What
year do you remember most clearly? Why?
Do you
remember one special thing that happened in high school? What was it?
Use the includers when, while, after, before, because, and even though to tell and write your
story.
Exercise Fifteen
– Ask each other the questions below. Write your and/or your neighbor's answers to
hand in.
How
long had you been living in this area before you came to MPC?
Had
you ever studied English before you came to MPC? Where? How long?
How
long have you been taking English at MPC?
When
did you begin?
Are
you planning to continue with English classes?
How long? Why?
Have
you noticed anything different about your English since the semester
began? What?
How
do you get to school in the morning? How
long does it take?
What
are other people in your house doing while you are getting ready to go to
school?
Will
anyone be home when you return home today?
Who? Why?
What
will they be doing when you return?
Is
today a usual day for you? Why?
Exercise Sixteen
–
Ask your partner the
following questions. When you finish
your conversation, write your or your partner’s answers.
May
I ask you some personal questions?
Do
you have a best friend? Who is it?
How
long have you known each other? Use “since”
in your answer.
Where
does this friend live?
How
did you first meet each other? Use “when”
in your answer.
Have
you and your friend ever had an argument?
What was it about?
Use “because” in your answer.
How
long will you continue to be friends? Use “for”
in your answer.
How
often do you see each other? Use an M
word and a shifter.
When
did you last meet? Use“ago”.
Had
you had a different best friend before your current best friend? Use the includer “before” in your answer.
Tell
me about that friend.
Exercise
Seventeen – Use at least one coordinator or one includer in each of your answers. Write each sentence after you say it.
Do
you remember your grandparents?
Where
had they lived before they got married?
What
kind of work did they do after they married?
How
many children did they have?
Where
had your parents lived before you were born?
What
kind of work had they done before you were born?
Do
you clearly remember one time you spent with your grandparents? Tell me about it.
Do
you have a fond memory of a time spent with your family? Tell me about it.