Lesson Seven -
Human beings are=
the
only animals with real language.
Many animals communicate with each other, but they do not use langua=
ge. They use signals. For example, vervet monkeys have f=
our or
five different signals. One s=
ignal
warns other vervet monkeys about lions.&nb=
sp;
A second signal warns about snakes.=
When they hear those signals, the monkeys climb up into the trees. A
third signal tells other monkeys about eagles nearby. When they hear that signal, they c=
limb
down from the trees, and they hide in the grass. Many animals use similar or differ=
ent
signals, but these signals are not language. Human language is different.
Human languages =
put
words together to make new meanings.
A vervet signal never changes. Each signal always has the same
meaning. Animals in nature do=
not
put signals together to make new ideas, but trained animals can combine wor=
ds
or symbols to make simple new ideas. For example, some gorillas learn sign
language. They learn
"tickle" and also their own names and the names of their
trainers. Then they combine t=
hose
signs into "John tickle me" and "me tickle John". Human language combines words or s=
ymbols
to make new ideas. I want to =
tell
you this story because today we will talk about combining words.
Grammar =
Point
Lessons 0ne to Six int=
roduce
the places in a sentence. Now=
it is
time to introduce the different kinds of words that we put in those
places. English has more than=
one
million words, but English only has four large groups of words. We have alr=
eady
talked about one small group of words.&nbs=
p;
The x-words have only twenty members.
The pronouns are also a small group of words.&=
nbsp;
They have less than 100 members.&nb=
sp;
English also has small groups of coordina=
tors: and, or, so, for, yet, but, and a small group of includers: because, after, alth=
ough,
etc. The prepositions are another small gro=
up:
in, on, under, below, etc.
The large groups of wo=
rds in
English are the nouns, adjectives, verbs, and adverbs. These groups have
thousands and thousands of words.
Maria and
Carla are doctors<=
/span>.
They are kind.
They work every night.
Exercise One - Fi=
nd the shifter places, the two x-word places, and the subject place in the three senten=
ces
above. Show the Predicate and find the M and Y places. What &#=
8220;part
of speech” (kind of word) is the Y
in each sentence?
=
Nouns are the names of peopl=
e,
places, and things.
=
Adjectives describe nouns (people, places, and things).
=
Verbs are actions.
Exercise=
Two -
What is each word's part of speech?
1. student _______
2. smart _________
3. walk ___________
4. sleep _________
5. lonely _________
6. children_________
7. happy __________
8. drink __________
9. paper ___________
10. sleepy ___________
Exercise Three - Return to the story and underline all the X-words =
and
verbs.
Every
verb has six forms. Every Form has ties: "When you c=
hange
one part of a sentence, you may have to change another part."
They ta=
lk
together in class. =
&nb=
sp;
You will talk later.
She
talks to her husband a lot.
He talked to you last night. =
=
We
have talked before.
Exercise=
Four
- Ask your neighbor the following questions=
.
What
do you do each night?
What
do you do most of the evening?
When
do you usually go to bed? Why=
?
What
do you eat for dinner?
Who
makes dinner at your house? D=
o you
eat alone or with someone else?
What
is your favorite part of the day?
Why?
What
is your least favorite part of the day?&nb=
sp;
Why?
How
do you usually spend your afternoons?
What
is your favorite day of the week? Why?
What
do you not like about weekdays?
How
many hours do you sleep each night?
Who
do you see on the weekends?
Where? When?
Tell
me about your usual weekend.
Exercise=
Five
-
On a separate sheet of
paper, write about your and/or your neighbor's week.
Exercise=
Six
– Find the places and ti=
es in
each sentence below.
=
&nb=
sp;
What Verb Form is in th=
e Y place in each sentence?
1.&n=
bsp;
Yesterday your car was not working.
2.&n=
bsp;
Her husband and children are watching TV at home.
3.&n=
bsp;
I felt very hungry this morning.
4.&n=
bsp;
That box contains your daughter's birthday present.
5.&n=
bsp;
Twenty people come to school on the bus.
6.&n=
bsp;
My wife has seen that movie four times.
7.&n=
bsp;
Our class computer can play DVD's.
8.&n=
bsp;
She feels much happier today.
9.&n=
bsp;
We shop at Del Monte Center.
10. Last night my family ate sushi.
11. Many children do not read books in=
the
GRAMMAR POINT – Use the No-S, -S
Forms, and present forms of the X-words to write about the present time.
Exercise Seven – =
Use V=
erbs to
finish the story. (adapted from www.vault=
.com)
=
Olivia
Cerritos, RN (BE) _______ a nurse in the oncology
department at
=
=
Five
afternoons a week she (AWAKE) ___________ at 2 p.m. O=
livia
(LEAVE) ________ her hous=
e at
10 pm. She
(ARRIVE) _________ to work at=
10:20
pm. Her nurses (GET) __________ in at 10:45 p.m. for th=
eir
shifts. Luckily, she (LIVE)
__________ close to the hospital. The other nurses (LIVE) __________
farther away.
First Olivia (FIND)&nbs=
p;
_________ out who her staff will be for that shift. Then she (TALK) ___________ to the
charge nurse from the previous shift to get an update on the patients. She (FIND) __________ out about any major pro=
blems
during her shift. Then she (LOOK)
____________ at the staffing list.&=
nbsp;
She (PASS) _________ o=
ut
assignments to the nurses.
At 10:45 pm her<=
span
style=3D'font-size:14.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Arial;color:black'> =
nurses
(BEGIN) _________ to arrive.<=
span
style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'> They (LISTEN) ___________ to patie=
nt reports
from the nurses on the previous shift.
At about 11:15 Olivia (GO)
_________ out on the floor.
She (FIGURE)
___________ out her patients’ medications. She (BE) _________ responsible for=
all
medicines. She (CHECK) ___________ her computer to see wh=
ich
patients have midnight medications. She&nb=
sp;
(DECIDE) ___________ what to do next. If she (HAVE) ________ a patient in pain, then sh=
e (TAKE)
_________ care of that patient immediately.
At 11:30 she (DO) _________ ch=
ecks
of her patients.
At 12:30 am she
(HELP) _________ some patients to the bathroom. Usually some patients (BE) ________ in pain. They (NEED) __________their
medication. Olivia (CHECK)
Later in the morning another
person (COME) __________ on duty. Every morning from 3 am to =
5 am
a phlebotomist (COME) ___________.
He (DRAW) __________ blood for morning lab tests. Many of the patien=
ts (HAVE) _________ IV lines.
At 1:35 am Olivia (VISI=
T)
________ her patients again. Then she (DO) ___________ various
housekeeping things.
At 2:00 a.m. s=
he
(TAKE) ___________ take a break.&nb=
sp;
Many of the nurses (GET)
___________ something to eat.
At 4:00 a.m. she (SPEAK) __________ with the head nursi=
ng
supervisor (the head nurse for the whole hospital) about staffing for the n=
ext
shift. They usually (NEED)
At 4:30 am she (CHECK)
__________ on patients again. The lab (CALL) __________ her about blood tests. Doctors sometimes (CALL) _______ Olivia.
At 6:00 am her
At 6:15 am Olivia (=
START)
________ to do paperwork. She
(NEED) __________ to ca=
ll in
staff. She (TELL) _________ some staff not to come i=
n.
At 6:30 am on=
e of
the doctors usually (CALL) ____________.&n=
bsp;
They (TALK) __________ on the telephone. They (DISCUSS) ______________ their
patients. She (TELL) _____________ him about the night.=
At 6:45 am th=
e next
shift of nurses (START) __________ listening to reports. The night nurses (ANSWER)
____________ any questions.
At 7:20 am Olivia (LEAVE)
__________ the hospital. Another
day at the hospital (BE) _______ over!
-S Form Spelling Changes
I. Words
ending in consonant + y, change y to i and add es
study / studies try / tries marry / marries
II. Words
ending in vowel + y
play / plays enjoy / enjoys
III. Wor=
ds
ending in s, ss, ch, sh=
, and x, add es
mess/messes watch/watches wish/wishes box/boxes
Exercise=
Eight
- Write the -S Form of each verb and X-word
below.
14. mix
15. type
16. stay
17. change
18. buy
19. go
20. dally
Exercise=
Nine
– Talk to your neighbor.=
Tell your neighbor about your dail=
y or
=
&nb=
sp;
weekly schedule. What =
verbs
do you need to tell your story?
=
&nb=
sp;
Make a list of verbs before you begin.
Exercise=
Ten
–
Find, correct, and exp=
lain
the errors in each sentence below.
1.&n=
bsp;
He have lunch each day at 1 pm.
2.&n=
bsp;
He is go to work now.
3.&n=
bsp;
We did not saw the movie.
4.&n=
bsp;
I not like chocolate.
5.&n=
bsp;
She buy many things every week at the supermarket.
6.&n=
bsp;
She taking English for get a better job.
Exercise
Eleven – Find the shifter, two =
X-word
places, the subject, Predicate, and M places in the sentences below. Show the ties in each sentence.
1.&n=
bsp;
Richard is at home almost every night.
=
2.&n=
bsp;
Maria
goes to work around 6 pm.
3.&n=
bsp;
Yoko drives her husband to Home Depot to the doctor every
Friday.
4.&n=
bsp;
Yoko and her husband stop at In-and-Out for lunch on Fridays.
5.&n=
bsp;
Juana sleeps in the afternoon on weekends.
6.&n=
bsp;
She
can fall asleep in 5 minutes.
7.&n=
bsp;
Monterey Peninsula College is a small community college in Centr=
al
California.
8.
People are busy in the US.
9.&n=
bsp;
Suchada often calls her family in Thailand because she misses th=
em.
10. I always order a meat pizza=
.
11. We have red wind and white wind.
Exercise
Twelve –
Ask information questi=
ons
about the above sentences. The answers are underlined. What place in each
sentence are we asking about? What
happens when the question is about the subject?
Exercise Thirteen R=
11; Read
the story with your neighbor.
Underline all the verbs. Then tell your neighbor about school=
s in
your country or about your school life at MPC. When you finish, write about your
conversation.
This story looks at a day in t=
he
life of students in China.
Chinese stude=
nts
spend more hours per day in the classroom than their parents do at work.
Middle-school students are in class for up to nine hours a day. Then they spend more hours on nigh=
tly
homework.
On the weeken=
d,
most students take secondary classes to help with subjects like math, scien=
ce
and English. Some students ta=
ke
music lessons. They do not have too much time to play or socialize.
Chinese stude=
nts
have a lot of pressure to enter a good high school. Competition is intense.
Most kids are not happy. They=
spend
all their time in front of their books. Unfortunately, many students do not
have friends to play with because everyone is usually in class, doing homew=
ork
or too tired to play. Most kids do not get enough sleep. They have no break=
in
the summer, either. Most stud=
ents
stay in school 12 months a year.
They do not want to forget their lessons.
The problem i=
s very
bad. The Chinese Ministry of
Education asks parents to cut down on the extracurricular activities. They do not want children to do ex=
tra
things after school. They als=
o ask
schools to limit homework to one hour each night.
A typical sch=
ool
day begins at 7 a.m. Each class lasts for about 45 minutes. Then students h=
ave
a 10-minute break. Boys and girls study together.
At the Beijing
Academy of Education and Science Pilot Middle School, a security guard opens
the gate to welcome some 800 students into the five-story building each day.
Many of the students are from the community, but hundreds of others travel =
long
distances by bus or bicycle to get there. This school promotes sports. At lunchtime, students can play
football, basketball and table tennis for a half hour. There is also a half=
hour
of free time allowed. The school uniform is a blue track suit. Students are 12 to 18 years old.
(adapted NYPost.com)
Lesson Eight -
Exercise=
One -
Find the shifters, 2 X=
-word
places, the Subject, the Ties, the Predicate, and the M place in each
sentence. What verb forms do =
you
find in the Y place?
Exercise Two – Finish the stor=
y with
X-words and Verbs.
Every month I ______ San Diego
because my daughter _____ there.
I ____ not _____ her v=
ery
often. She _____ usually only home for
holidays. She ______ an apartment near the beach=
. It ____ very close to the ocean an=
d we
_____ _____ the water f=
rom
her kitchen window. She alway=
s _____ us to the Aquarium and the
Zoo. The San Diego Zoo ______ world famous. Visitors ___ _______ in an open bus aroun=
d the
zoo. Animals ____ not ______ in small cages.
At night we _______at her home and _____=
____
dinner, or we _______ to her restaurant.&n=
bsp;
She _______ a waitress=
at
Gordon Biersch. That _____ a brewery and also a chain of
restaurants in the US. Gordon
Biersch ______ great beer and
garlic fries. By the way, my daughter
_____ a great waitress.
She _______ the compan=
y's
record for the first and second largest tips ever given to a server. She
_____ famous.
Unfortunately, we _____ not _________ a lot of time
there. We only ______ for long holiday weekends. =
We ___________ down on a Thursday
evening. I ________ the first half. My wife ______ the second half. We
often ________ in the late afternoon and _________ in the early morn=
ing. It ________ 9 1/2 hours because we
________ halfway. We _________to take a break and=
also
we _________to get some cold drinks and something to eat. We
_______ to be back by Tuesday morning because our son ________ to
school. The drive back ______ shorter. It only ________ us 8 1/2 hours. We really ________ ourselves and always ____=
_____
to return soon.
GRAMMAR POINT –
Past Verb
Forms can be Regular or Irregular.
Regular verbs=
add -ed to make the Past a=
nd DTN
Forms.
Spell=
ing
the -ed ending
1. One syllable words ending in a vowel + consonant, dou=
ble
the final consonant.
=
&nb=
sp;
trip / tripped &nb=
sp;
bag /bagged
dot/ dotted
2.&n=
bsp;
=
Verbs ending in a vowel + y, add ed.
=
&nb=
sp; =
&nb=
sp; =
play / played
toy /toyed
3. Verbs ending in consonant + y, change =
y
to i and add es.
try / tried marry / married<= o:p>
Exercise=
Three
- Write the Past Forms of the Verbs and X-w=
ords
below.
1.&n=
bsp;
have =
&nb=
sp; =
17. study
2.&n=
bsp;
do =
&nb=
sp; =
18. crop
3.&n=
bsp;
can =
&nb=
sp; =
19. wish
4.&n=
bsp;
may =
&nb=
sp; =
20. hope =
&nb=
sp; =
5.&n=
bsp;
will
6.&n=
bsp;
am, is
7.&n=
bsp;
are
8.&n=
bsp;
sew
9.&n=
bsp;
pave
10. =
cry
11. =
mill
12. =
lug
13. =
veto
14. =
scoop
15. =
map
16. =
carry
Exercise=
Four
– Finish the story with
X-words and Verbs.
Last month I ______ San Diego
because my daughter _____ there. I
____ not _____ her since she ______ home for Thanksgiving. She ______ an apartment near the b=
each. It ____ very close to the ocean an=
d we
_____ ______ the water from her kitchen window. She _____ us to the Aquarium and t=
he
Zoo. The San Diego Zoo ______=
world
famous. Visitors ___ _______ in an open bus around the
zoo. Animals ____ not ______ =
in
small cages. They _________ g=
iant
areas to live in. We _______ =
a herd
of giraffes. Some ________ ov=
er 17
feet tall.
At night we _______at her home and _________ d=
inner,
or we _______ to her restaurant.
She _______ a waitress at Gordon Biersch. That _____ a brewery and also a ch=
ain of
restaurants in the US. Gordon=
Biersch
______ famous for its beer and for their garlic fries. By the way, my daugh=
ter
_____ a great waitress. She _=
______
the company's record for the first and second largest tips ever given to a
server. She _____ famous.
Unfortunately, we _____n't
_________ a lot of time there. We
only ______ a long holiday weekend. We ___________ down on a Thursday
evening. We ________ at 4 pm =
and _________
at 1:30 am. It ________ 9 1/2=
hours
because we ________ halfway.
We _________to take a =
break
and also we _________to get some cold drinks and something to eat. We _______ to be back by Tuesday m=
orning
because our son ________ to go to school.&=
nbsp;
The drive back ______ shorter.
It only ________ us 8 1/2 hours.&nb=
sp;
We really ________ ourselves and _________ to return soon.
Exercise=
Five
– Have you visited any p=
laces
in California?
=
&nb=
sp;
What questions can we ask each other about our visits?
Exercise=
Six
– Write about your and/o=
r your neighbor's visit.
Exercise=
Seven
– Find the shifters, 2 X=
-word
places, the Subject, the Ties, the Predicate, and the M place in each
sentence. What verb forms do =
you
find in the Y place?
1. Many
animals have similar and different signals.
2. These signals are not
language.
3. Human language is different.
4. &nbs=
p;
Human languages put different words together.
5. A vervet signal never changes=
.
6. &nbs=
p;
Each signal always has the same meaning.
7. &nbs=
p;
Animals in nature do not put signals together.
8. &nbs=
p;
Trained animals can combine words or symbols.
9. For example, some
gorillas have even learned ASL
Exercise=
Eight
– Finish the story with
prepositions. (adapted Troublesome English)
Susie wanted to make a salad ________ dinner. She took all the vegetables ______=
her
refrigerator and put them ________ the kitchen counter. She got ______ a large salad bowl =
and
sharp knife. She washed the l=
ettuce
_________ the kitchen faucet. She
drained it to get all the water ________.&=
nbsp;
She got an onion ______ the basket ______ the corner _____ the
kitchen. She cut tomatoes ___=
_____
little pieces. She put them _=
____
the bowl. She covered the tom=
atoes
________ lettuce. She took __=
__ the
salad dressing cap and poured it _______ the salad. She was ready ______ eat dinner.
GRAMMAR POINT =
211;
Capitalize the first letter of the first word of a
title.
The Lion, the Witch, and the Wardrobe
Capitalize every noun, verb, pronoun, adjective, and adve=
rb
in a title.
Do not capitalize a,
an, the, or prepositions.
The Best Day of My Life
One Day in the Life of Ivan
Exercise Nine – Add capitals to t=
he
story below.
martin’s favorite book
martin read a very good book in july. it was called a cold day in summer=
. the book has three main characters=
. the first character is a doctor na=
med
john holiday. he comes from a=
small
town in italy. the doctorR=
17;s
wife julia is a teacher. one =
day
professor julia goes to teach her art class, but none of the students in mo=
dern
art 3 come to her class. she =
calls
police commissioner williams to report this. however, he does not answer his ve=
rizon
mobile phone. he is on lombar=
do
street and that street does not receive cellular service.
Exercise=
Ten
– Read the story and und=
erline
the No –S and =
-S
Form Verbs. Then c=
hange the
story to “this morning”=
;.
It is=
easy
for me to get up in the morning on
weekdays. The alarm clock
rings. It makes a lot of
noise. I hear it. I take off the blanket. I get up almost immediately. I put on some sweat pants and a
sweatshirt. It feels cold in the house in the morning. I go to the kitchen. I make some coffee or tea and put =
some
bread in the toaster. I don&#=
8217;t
see the sun. It is still very=
early
in the morning. I spend a few
minutes looking at the newspaper. I
read the weather report. I ch=
oose
my clothes for the day. I dri=
nk
some coffee and eat some toast. I
return to the bathroom. I tur=
n on
the shower. The water runs fo=
r a
minute or two. I let the wate=
r get
hot. Then I get into the
shower. After showering, I br=
ush my
teeth and hair. I get dressed=
. I find my keys. I make sure I have my school
things. Finally I leave the
house. It takes me about 25 m=
inutes
to get to school.
Exercise Eleven – Tell your ne=
ighbor
about your morning schedule. =
Then
tell your neighbor about this morning.&nbs=
p;
Write about your morning schedules.
Exercise Twelve – What do you know =
about
Abraham Lincoln?
Read the
story and underline all the past form X-words and Verbs.
Read the story a second time and circle all the
prepositions.
Abraham
Lincoln was born on February 12, 1809.&nbs=
p;
His father was Thomas Lincoln and his mother was Nancy Hanks. They were uneducated farmers. They=
lived
in a one-room log cabin on a 348 acre (1.4 km2) farm in Hardin County,
Kentucky. Lincoln's ancestor Samuel Lincoln arrived in Hingham,
Massachusetts =
from England in the 17th century.
![3D180px-Abe-Lincoln-Birthplace-2](3D"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Abe-Lincoln-Birthplace-2.jpg")
Thomas Lincoln purchased their farm in December 1808 for $200 cash. $=
200
then is $2,689.00 today. The =
family
belonged to a Hardshell Baptis=
t Church. Abraham Lincoln never joined their =
church
or any other church. In 1816 the Lincoln family lost all their land and bec=
ame very
poor. They moved to Perry County, Indiana. When Lincoln was nine, his 34 year =
old mother
died. Soon afterwards, his fa=
ther
remarried to Sarah Bush Johns=
ton. Lincoln and his stepmother we=
re close.
He called her "Mother&qu=
ot;
for the rest of his life, but he became distant from his father.
In 1830, the family had=
more
economic problems. They settl=
ed on
public land in Macon County,
Illinois. The =
next
winter was very hard, and the family considered moving back to Indiana. The
following year, 22-year-old Abraham Lincoln left his home. He found a job on the Mississippi
River. He took goods from New=
Salem
to New Orleans on flat boats.
Lincoln's formal education consisted of about 18 months of schooling.=
He
educated himself. He loved to=
read.
He was also a talented wrestler. He
cut down trees to earn money. Lincoln
avoided hunting and fishing because he did not like killing animals, even f=
or
food. At 6 foot 4 i=
nches
(1.93 m), he was very tall and quite strong.
Lincoln's father Thomas was uneducated and illiterate, but he was an =
extremely
talented storyteller. He ente=
rtained
all the family’s friends. Young
Abraham often stayed up and listened to his father’s stories. He tried to memorize them himself.=
Occasionally, when Abraham co=
uld
not understand a certain story, he would re=
peat
it over and over again in his mind until he finally understood. Then he spe=
nt many
hours changing the story because he wanted his to easily understand. The ne=
xt
day, Abraham repeated these stories to his friends. He mimicked his father. This early
practice helped to prepare Abraham for his future. He gave many important speeches la=
ter in
his life.
Exercise Thirteen – <=
/i>Tell =
your
neighbors about an important person in your country’s history. When you finish, write a story or
sentences about the people you talked about.
Exercise Fourteen – <=
/i>Ask your neighbor the following questions. When you finish, write a story abo=
ut
your conversation.
How
long have you lived in California?
Where
did you live when you first came here? Why?
Where
do you live now? Why?
Do
you like living in California? Why
or why not?
Have
you returned to your native country since you came to California? Why? When?
What
do you miss about your native country?&nbs=
p;
Why?
What
do you not miss about your native country? Why?
Is
it hard to live in a new country?
Why?
|
<= o:p> |
http://www.englishpage.com/irr=
egularverbs/irregularverbs.html
|
Infinitive |
Simple Past |
Past Participle |
|
alight |
alighted, alit |
alighted, alit |
|
arise |
arose |
arisen |
|
awake |
awoke, awaked |
awoken, awaked |
|
be |
was, were |
been |
|
bear |
bore |
borne, born |
|
beat |
beat |
beaten, beat |
|
become |
became |
become |
|
beget |
begot |
begotten |
|
begin |
began |
begun |
|
bend |
bent |
bent |
|
bereave |
bereaved, bereft |
bereaved, bereft |
|
beseech |
besought, beseeched |
besought, beseeched |
|
bet |
bet, betted |
bet, betted |
|
bid |
bade, bid |
bidden, bid, bade |
|
bide |
bade, bided |
bided |
|
bind |
bound |
bound |
|
bite |
bit |
bitten |
|
bleed |
bled |
bled |
|
bless |
blessed, blest |
blessed, blest |
|
blow |
blew |
blown |
|
break |
broke |
broken |
|
breed |
bred |
bred |
|
bring |
brought |
brought |
|
broadcast |
broadcast, broadcasted=
|
broadcast, broadcasted=
|
|
build |
built |
built |
|
burn |
burnt, burned |
burnt, burned |
|
burst |
burst |
burst |
|
bust |
bust, busted |
bust, busted |
|
buy |
bought |
bought |
|
can |
could |
(kein Participle) |
|
cast |
cast |
cast |
|
catch |
caught |
caught |
|
choose |
chose |
chosen |
|
cleave |
cleft, cleaved, clove<= o:p> |
cleft, cleaved, cloven=
|
|
cling |
clung |
clung |
|
clothe |
clothed, clad |
clothed, clad |
|
come |
came |
come |
|
cost |
cost |
cost |
|
creep |
crept |
crept |
|
crow |
crowed |
crew, crowed |
|
cut |
cut |
cut |
|
deal |
dealt |
dealt |
|
dig |
dug |
dug |
|
do |
did |
done |
|
draw |
drew |
drawn |
|
dream |
dreamt, dreamed |
dreamt, dreamed |
|
drink |
drank |
drunk |
|
drive |
drove |
driven |
|
dwell |
dwelt, dwelled |
dwelt, dwelled |
|
eat |
ate |
eaten |
|
fall |
fell |
fallen |
|
feed |
fed |
fed |
|
feel |
felt |
felt |
|
fight |
fought |
fought |
|
find |
found |
found |
|
flee |
fled |
fled |
|
fling |
flung |
flung |
|
fly |
flew |
flown |
|
forbid |
forbad, forbade |
forbid, forbidden |
|
forecast |
forecast, forecasted |
forecast, forecasted |
|
forget |
forgot |
forgotten |
|
forsake |
forsook |
forsaken |
|
freeze |
froze |
frozen |
|
geld |
gelded, gelt |
gelded, gelt |
|
get |
got |
got, gotten |
|
gild |
gilded, gilt |
gilded, gilt |
|
give |
gave |
given |
|
gnaw |
gnawed |
gnawed, gnawn |
|
go |
went |
gone |
|
grind |
ground |
ground |
|
grip |
gripped, gript |
gripped, gript |
|
grow |
grew |
grown |
|
hang |
hung |
hung |
|
have |
had |
had |
|
hear |
heard |
heard |
|
heave |
heaved, hove |
heaved, hove |
|
hew |
hewed |
hewed, hewn |
|
hide |
hid |
hidden, hid |
|
hit |
hit |
hit |
|
hold |
held |
held |
|
hurt |
hurt |
hurt |
|
keep |
kept |
kept |
|
kneel |
knelt, kneeled |
knelt, kneeled |
|
knit |
knitted, knit |
knitted, knit |
|
know |
knew |
known |
|
lay |
laid |
laid |
|
lead |
led |
led |
|
lean |
leant, leaned |
leant, leaned |
|
leap |
leapt, leaped |
leapt, leaped |
|
learn |
learnt, learned |
learnt, learned |
|
leave |
left |
left |
|
lend |
lent |
lent |
|
let |
let |
let |
|
lie |
lay |
lain |
|
light |
lit, lighted |
lit, lighted |
|
lose |
lost |
lost |
|
make |
made |
made |
|
may |
might |
(kein Participle) |
|
mean |
meant |
meant |
|
meet |
met |
met |
|
melt |
melted |
molten, melted |
|
mow |
mowed |
mown, mowed |
|
pay |
paid |
paid |
|
pen |
pent, penned |
pent, penned |
|
plead |
pled, pleaded |
pled, pleaded |
|
prove |
proved |
proven, proved |
|
put |
put |
put |
|
quit |
quit, quitted |
quit, quitted |
|
read |
read |
read |
|
rid |
rid, ridded |
rid, ridded |
|
ride |
rode |
ridden |
|
ring |
rang |
rung |
|
rise |
rose |
risen |
|
run |
ran |
run |
|
saw |
sawed |
sawn, sawed |
|
say |
said |
said |
|
see |
saw |
seen |
|
seek |
sought |
sought |
|
sell |
sold |
sold |
|
send |
sent |
sent |
|
set |
set |
set |
|
sew |
sewed |
sewn, sewed |
|
shake |
shook |
shaken |
|
shall |
should |
(kein Participle) |
|
shear |
sheared |
shorn, sheared |
|
shed |
shed |
shed |
|
shine |
shone |
shone |
|
shit |
shit, shitted, shat |
shit, shitted, shat |
|
shoe |
shod, shoed |
shod, shoed |
|
shoot |
shot |
shot |
|
show |
showed |
shown, showed |
|
shred |
shred, shredded |
shred, shredded |
|
shrink |
shrank, shrunk |
shrunk |
|
shut |
shut |
shut |
|
sing |
sang |
sung |
|
sink |
sank |
sunk |
|
sit |
sat |
sat |
|
slay |
slew |
slain |
|
sleep |
slept |
slept |
|
slide |
slid |
slid |
|
sling |
slung |
slung |
|
slink |
slunk |
slunk |
|
slit |
slit |
slit |
|
smell |
smelt, smelled |
smelt, smelled |
|
smite |
smote |
smitten |
|
sow |
sowed |
sown, sowed |
|
speak |
spoke |
spoken |
|
speed |
sped, speeded |
sped, speeded |
|
spell |
spelt, spelled |
spelt, spelled |
|
spend |
spent |
spent |
|
spill |
spilt, spilled |
spilt, spilled |
|
spin |
spun |
spun |
|
spit |
spat |
spat |
|
split |
split |
split |
|
spoil |
spoilt, spoiled |
spoilt, spoiled |
|
spread |
spread |
spread |
|
spring |
sprang, sprung |
sprung |
|
stand |
stood |
stood |
|
steal |
stole |
stolen |
|
stick |
stuck |
stuck |
|
sting |
stung |
stung |
|
stink |
stank, stunk |
stunk |
|
stride |
strode |
stridden |
|
strike |
struck |
struck |
|
string |
strung |
strung |
|
strive |
strove |
striven |
|
swear |
swore |
sworn |
|
sweat |
sweat, sweated |
sweat, sweated |
|
sweep |
swept |
swept |
|
swell |
swelled |
swollen, swelled |
|
swim |
swam |
swum |
|
swing |
swung |
swung |
|
take |
took |
taken |
|
teach |
taught |
taught |
|
tear |
tore |
torn |
|
telecast |
telecast, telecasted |
telecast, telecasted |
|
tell |
told |
told |
|
think |
thought |
thought |
|
throw |
threw |
thrown |
|
thrust |
thrust |
thrust |
|
tread |
trod |
trodden |
|
understand |
understood |
understood |
|
wake |
woke, waked |
woken, waked |
|
wear |
wore |
worn |
|
weave |
wove |
woven |
|
wed |
wed, wedded |
wed, wedded |
|
weep |
wept |
wept |
|
wet |
wet, wetted |
wet, wetted |
|
win |
won |
won |
|
wind |
wound |
wound |
|
wring |
wrung |
wrung |
|
write |
wrote |
written |