Lesson Twenty

Lesson Eleven –=

Last weekend my wife and I ren= ted the movie “Hotel Rwanda”. It was about the civil war in that country. We had not known mu= ch about the problems in that country before then. The people of Rwanda are of two groups. Th= e Hutu are one group and the Tutsis are the other. At the time of the movie, the Hut= us hated the Tutsis. In the ear= ly 1990’s, the Hutus took control of the government. Then they began to murder the Tut= sis.

The manager of a fancy European owned hotel is the main character in the movie. His name is Paul, and he is very kind. He is also friends wit= h many important government officials because those men often visit his hotel. Several hundred Tutsis are hiding= in the hotel after the killing begins. They are safe because Paul is protecting them from the Hutus. =

Over one million Tutsis died i= n Rwanda= during this short time. No countrie= s and the United Nations helped stop the killing. The world is often a very terrible place.

Exercis= e One –

Find the places in ea= ch sentence below.

1. Last weekend my wife = and I rented the movie “Hotel Rwanda”.

2. It was about the civi= l war in that country. =

3. We had not known much= about the problems in that country before then.=

4. The people of Rwanda= are of two groups.

5. The Hutu are one grou= p.

6. The Tutsis are the other.

7. At the time of the mo= vie, the Hutus hated the Tutsis. =

8. In the early 1990R= 17;s, the Hutus took control of the government.=

9. Then they began to mu= rder the Tutsis.

10. The manager of a fancy European owned hotel is the main character in the movie.

11. Paul is very kind.

12. Several hundred Tutsi= s are hiding in the hotel.

13. They are safe because= Paul is protecting them from the Hutus.

14. Over one million Tuts= is died in Rwanda during this short time.

15. The world is often a = very terrible place.

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Grammar= Point –

It is the words in th= e Y place that really say something about the subject.

Y can b= e a Predicator. Predicators follow the Xwords am, are, is, was, and were.

1. Noun Phrase, names the subject (person, place, or thing)<= /o:p>

Jo is a student. MP= C is a school. Monterey is a st= ate.

2. Adjective Phrase, describes the subject (tall, soft, friendly)=

Jo is tall. MPC is beautiful. Mary is friendly.

3. Prepositional Phrase, a group of words that begins with a preposition. (in, on, at, o= ver, etc)

= ; Jo is at work. &n= bsp; MPC is in central Cal= ifornia.

Y can a= lso be a Verb.

4. Verb with time (No &#= 8211;S, -S, and Past Forms)

Jo works in Monterey.

= ; = ; She and her husband live in Monterey.

= ; &= nbsp; They moved from Los Angeles last= year.

5. Verb with no time (= Base, ING, and DTN Forms).

= ; Jo will start a new jo= b next month.

= ; Her husband is working= now.

= ; &= nbsp; They have seen “= Hotel Rwanda”.

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Exercis= e Two –

What kind of Y is in = each sentence in Exercise One?

Grammar= Point –

Very often the verb i= n the Y place has an object. The obj= ect is everything left in Y after the verb.

= ; Jeff likes chocolate.<= span style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'> He = is waiting for his friend.<= /o:p>

Exercis= e Three –

Find the objects in E= xercise One.

Exercis= e Four –

Make questions about = the underlined parts in each sentence. What place in the sentence are you asking about?<= /i>

1.     Last weekend my wife and I rented= the movie “Hotel Rwanda”.

2.     It was about the c= ivil war in that country.

3.     The people of Rwanda= are of two groups. <= o:p>

4.     At the time of the mo= vie, the Hutus hated the Tutsis. =

5.     In the early 1990R= 17;s, the Hutus took control of the government.

6.     Paul is very kind<= /u>.

7.     His hotel is hiding 100 = Tutsis.

8.     They are safe beca= use Paul is protecting them from the Hutus.

9.     Over one million Tutsis died in Rwanda= during this short time. =

10. The world can often b= e a very terrible place.

GRAMMAR POINT –<= /span>

Use Subject Pronouns when the pronoun is in the Subject Pla= ce.

Use Object Pronouns when the pronoun is in the Object Place.

Use Reflexive Pronouns when the subject and object are the same.

Use Possessive Determiners when the pronoun is the first word in the noun phrase.

Use Possessive Pronouns when the pronoun substitutes for the possessive and noun phrase.

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Subject Pronoun

Object Pronoun

Reflexive Pronoun

Possessive Determiner

Possessive Pronoun

Exercis= e Five –

Finish the story by a= dding pronouns.

Paul is a Hutu and _____ is ma= rried to a Tutsis. ______ and his = wife have two young daughters. __= _____ have been married over 12 years. _______ loves his family and will do anything for ________. Paul is not worried about __________.   ____ is re= ady to lose his life if his family can keep _________. Paul’s wife has a brother.<= span style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'> ______ tries to help ______ but _= _______ can not find _______. ______= __ can also not contact _______. __= ______ dies in the movie. War is terrible. ______ causes so m= uch destruction and death. Peopl= e can not help ______________. Nor= th Americans are lucky. _______= have not had a war in the US since 1865. If ________ did, _______ could be difficult to help our families because ______ live so far apart. ________ may live in = New York and _______ live in Arizona. How would your family contact _________? How would my fami= ly contact ________? I would ne= ed to take care of __________. You= would have to take care of ____________. =

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Exercis= e Six –

Correct the errors in= the following sentences. Explain the errors.

1.     Mariana take the bus = to school each day.

2.     She like ride on the = bus, she can look the window.

3.     Yesterday she dream a= bout she country.

4.     She fall asleep and n= o get off at her stop.

5.     Mariana and the bus d= river is friend.

6.     They talked together = all the time.

7.     When she will go home tonight, she will see same driver.

8.     The bus fare is costi= ng $1.50 each ways.

9.     The buses is cleans b= uses.

10. The seat are differents colors.

Exercis= e Seven –

Talk with your neighbor. Ask each other the following questions. Answer = in full sentences.

Have you seen a movie lately?

When did you go? What did you see= ? Who were you with?

Do you ever rent DVD’s?

When did you last rent a DVD? Whe= re did you rent it?

What did you rent? Who did you wa= tch it with? Where did you watch it= ?

Who was the main actor in the movie? What part did he play?

Who was the main actress in the movie? What part did she play?

What character did you like the best in the movie?

What were some of the things that person did?

What kind of person was he or she? Why?

Tell me the story of the movie.

Exercis= e Eight –

Write a story about y= our and/or your neighbor’s movie.

Exercis= e Nine –

Finish the sentence. = Which combining words are includers and which are coordinators? What is the difference between th= ose two kinds of words?

1. I go to a movie when

2. “Hotel Rwanda” is sad= because

3. Someone in this class is texting = on his cell phone while

4. Michael usually feels tired after

5. Michael needs to get some gas, so

6. Michael’s car has some seri= ous problems, but

7. I like to wear nice clothes when

8. We all need money, for

9. Although smoking is very dangerous,

10. Susie will visit her friends this weekend, or=

Exercis= e Ten –

Complete the sentence= by writing the Xword and/or Verb to show the Orientation, Relationship, and A= spect of the action.

1. Wars (cause) _______________ much= death and destruction.

2. Millions of people (fight) ________________ in Africa for the last 10 years.

3. Next year the United Nations (sen= d) __________________ peace-keepers to Uganda.

4. Those peacekeepers (work) _______________ very hard while they are there.

5. Peacekeepers (already go) ________________ to Somalia.

6. They (try) ______________ very ha= rd to stop the fighting at this time.

7. Jill’s neighbor (recently return) _______________________ from South Africa.=

8. He (not want) ____________ to ret= urn.

9. He (get out of) _________________= ____ the army last week.

10. Now he (look for) _______________= __ a job and (think about)

____________________ returning to school.

Lesson Twelve -

"Cultural Change Coming in Chile"

(adapted from the Monterey County Herald)

Michelle Bachelet is Chile's first female president. The world was very surprised because Chile is a male-dominated society. Chile had never ele= cted a woman president before they completed this election last month. Chile is still a very conservative country even though divorce became legal two years ago. In Chile men make 40% more money = than women although they do the sa= me jobs. Bachelet has already c= hanged the government because she ga= ve 50% of government jobs to women. She has also made a new law. When Chile has an election, half= the candidates must be women. Ma= ny people are satisfied with Bachelet, but many people do not like her. They do not trust her ability to lead a government. Many Chileans also do not like he= r because she is separated from her husband and she is a single parent of three children. Bachelet has told many interesting stories to the newspapers since she became President.

In 1952 when Chile's president o= ffered a woman a Cabinet position in the government for the first time, she had t= o ask her husband before she would = accept it. In 2006 when Bachelet called several men to offer them posts in the government, they had to ask their wives before they could accept.

Grammar= Point -

You can combine two sentences with an includer. The includers make a relationship between the two sentences. For example,

Time: when,= while, as, after, before, since, until

        = ;            &= nbsp;   Reason: because, as, s= ince

        = ;            &= nbsp; Opposite: although, even thou= gh

        = ;            &= nbsp; Condition: if, unless

These includers make the "included sentence" a shifter.

Exercis= e One -

Find the shifters and= trunks in the sentences below. What construction is the shifter?

1.&= nbsp;    Michelle Bachelet is Chile's first female president.

2.&= nbsp;    The world was very surprised because Chile is a male-dominated society.

3.&= nbsp;    Chile had never elected a woman president before they had this election la= st month.

4.&= nbsp;    Chile is still a very conservative country even though divorce became legal= two years ago.

5.&= nbsp;    In Chile men make 40% more money than women although they do the same jobs.<= span style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'>

6.&= nbsp;    Bachelet has already changed the government because she gave 50% of governme= nt jobs to women. =

7.&= nbsp;    She has also made a new law.

8.&= nbsp;    When= Chi= le has an election, half the candidates must be women.

9.&= nbsp;    Many people are satisfied with Bachelet, but many people do not like her.=

10.= They= do not trust her ability to lead a government, and many Chileans also do not like her because she is separated from her husband and she is a single parent of three children. =

11.= Bachelet has told many interesting stories to the newspapers since she became President.

12.= In 1= 952 when Chile's president offered a= woman a Cabinet position in the government for the first time, she had to ask her husband before she would acce= pt it.

13.= In 2= 006 when Bachelet called several men= to offer them posts in the government, they had to ask their wives before they could accept.

Exercis= e Two -

Combine each pair of sentences with an includer. Which sentence will be the shifte= r? Why?

1.     Many politicians do n= ot keep their promises. <= /span>

     They start thei= r new positions.

2.     They may be very rich people.

They still want more money and power.

3.     Many people go into politics.

They want to help their people.

4. Big changes often occur.

     A new governmen= t takes over a country.

5.     Bachelet won the elec= tion.

She had worked hard to gain support from the citizens of Chile.

Exercis= e Three -

Which sentences in Ex= ercise Two can be combined with a coordi= nator to keep the same relationship between the sentences?=

Exercis= e Four -

Correct the errors in= the sentences below.

1.     Friends may argue whe= n have disagreement for money.

2.     Obama explained many = times to the war in Afghanizstan because wants world to believe him.<= /span>

3.     In US it cost millions dollars to have an election.

4.     On 1996 Bill Clinton = spend $196 million win the Presidency.

5.     Then after the electi= on the winner always owe a lot of people.

6.     In politics people be= come strong because do each other favors.

7.     Personally I no trust politicians even though he always promise to do good thing.

8.     I want have honests politicians because is important the country.

9.     All over world many p= eople fighting and argue to politics during the last few years.

10.   When I could be president, I= would make peace all the countries.

Exercis= e Five -

Finish the story belo= w with your own words. Work togethe= r with another. Write your sentence= s on a separate piece of paper, so you can give your story to me.

I know a little about _______________ in the US. F= or example, __________________ because ________________________.

When a person in California wa= nts _______________________, she usually ________________.   I often _____________________________, even though ________________________________________.= California is also a little bit like my own country. For example, many citizens in my = country

_________________ because ___________________________________.

One of my good friends ____________________________, for= that person needed _________________________, and (she or he) also wanted __________________________. ***

***Please add three o= r more sentences of your own to finish the story. Use an includer or coordinator in each sentence.<= /i>



Exercis= e Six -

Write the correct for= m of the verbs in the story. The = story is oriented to the past and present. Before we begin, explain Orientation, Relationship, and Aspect when writing about the past.

After Jorge and his wife Yong = Kim BE ___________ married for two years, they BEGIN _____________ to look for their first home while they still LIVE _____________ in California. They CAN ____________ not BELIEVE ___________the prices. For e= xample they SEE ___________ one house with just one bedroom and one bath, and it = COST ___________ over $500,000.   They THINK ____________that they NEVER BUY ___________________ a ho= use, but then one day while they DRIVE ___________________ around with their re= al estate agent, they STOP _______________ at an open house. Before they even GET __________ o= ut of the car, Yong Kim START ______________ to cry and once again GIVE ____________up. The real estate agent BE ________= ______ happy to get out of the car and HURRY ______________ into the house while = Jorge ATTEND _______________ to his wife. Jorge BEGIN _____________ to tell her some things.

"Yong, you KNOW ____________that I LOVE ____________ you, but I HAVE _______________ to te= ll you something. Your attitude= BE ________________ absolutely terrible since we START _____________ to look = for a home. Before we even LOOK __________ at something or KNOW ____________ the price, you ALREADY GIVE ______________ up. We NEVER SUCCEED ________________if = you keep up this attitude."

By this time Yong ALREADY STOP ________________________ crying and now BE ______________ angry at Jorge.<= o:p>

She told Jorge, "That BE ___________ easy for you to say, but _______ you ALREADY FORGET __________= _____ last weekend? ________ you R= EMEMBER _________________ your anger? You BE ___________ ready to kill the real estate agent and every home seller j= ust last week."

Jorge SMILE ___________. "Ok. You BE __________ right. I APOLOGIZE ______________. I SHOULD NOT JUMP _______________= ____ down your throat. _______ yo= u WANT ___________ to make up?"

By the time they ENTER ______________ the open house, they LAUGH _______________ and ENJOY __________________ their house hunting again.

On a se= parate piece of paper, write two sentences about Yong Kim, Jorge and the open house. Use at least one includer and one coordinator.

Exercis= e Seven -

Make questions about = the underlined part in each sentence below.&n= bsp; What part of the sentence is underlined?

1.     They liked the new= house and not the old house.

2.     Their real estate agent ha= d a lot of patience.

3.     They were driving = on a very busy street.

4.     Yong Kim got depresse= d while they were looking for a house.

5.     Jorge needed to remem= ber how he had felt the week before.

6.     Houses cost over $= 500,000 in this area of California.

7.     Thousands of people l= eave California each year because it is so expensive here.

8.     Jorge and Yong Kim will be lucky one da= y.

Exercise Eight-

Add prepositions, include= rs, and coordinators to complete = the story below.

Did you know that the first re= al modern home ______ average people was ________ Holland __________ 500 years ago. It was modern, _______ = it had a living room, kitchen, _____ two &n= bsp; _____three bedrooms ______ it.&nbs= p; _____________ Holland is a cold country ______ the winter, the house also had a big fireplace. __= ____ the summer Holland is hot, ____ the Dutch made removable windows. They could take the windows ____<= span style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'> _____ the wall, ______ fresh air = could come _______ the house. ____= ____ the Dutch built that kind _____ house, people had been living _______ one = large room. Very often animals liv= ed _______ the family ______ slept together ___________ the house. _____ the morning ______ ____ meal times, the animals ____= ___ people all ate ____ the same time. The animals ate their food ______ the floor _______ the people sat = ____ a table _____ ____ the floor= ______ ate their food _______ bowls. Forks _______ spoons are new tools, ____ five hundred years ago people ate ______ their fingers. _________ five hundred years seems like a long time, it really is a very short time ____ history. Of course, not ever= yone lives ____ a modern style house.

_____ many countries large fam= ilies still live _____ one large room ______ sleep ____ the floor.

Exercis= e Nine -

Ask your neighbor the following questions.

When was the last tim= e you wanted something and could not have it?

What was it?

Why could you not hav= e it?

What happened in the = end?

Yong Kim was depresse= d in the story. When is the last time you felt like Yong Kim? What were you depressed about? Tell me the story.

Jorge got angry becau= se he was frustrated. When is the = last time you felt like Jorge? Wh= at were you frustrated about? Tell me the story.

Exercis= e Ten -

When you finish your conversation, write a story about you and/or your partner.