Lesson Four -

"India or = China?"

Read aloud.

1.&= nbsp; India has a strong banking system in its large cities.

2.&= nbsp; In Beijing China's banking system is not very str= ong.

3.&= nbsp; Organized banking is necessary for economic health.

4.&= nbsp; India is ready to grow economically if it wants t= o.

5.&= nbsp; China has controlled its population for many years.

6.&= nbsp; Families have only one child because it is the law.

7.&= nbsp; Today China's population is growing old.

8.&= nbsp; It will soon have many older people.

9.&= nbsp; Those older people will be retiring in the next 25 years.

10.= China's work force will get smalle= r.

11.= On the other hand, Indian families= are still having many children. =

12.= Those children will be working for= the next forty years.

13.= During the last century India has developed a democratic government, free press and a peaceful society.

14.= India does have some societal prob= lems.

15.= India is much more peaceful than China.

16.= For example, China has about 2,000 demonstrations against the government every year.

17.= China has planned its economic development because of a strong central government.

18.= Planning is necessary for success.=

19.= Even though it could help the econ= omy grow more quickly, India does not allow foreign investors.

20. At this tim= e India must provide food for many of its poorer citizens.

21. It costs In= dia 6.6 rupees to provide one rupee of food to the poor.

22. This wastes= a lot of money for the Indian government.

22. Indian laws discourage small businesses.

23. India has o= ver 800 million people, although only 1 million people

work= in technology.

24. This area c= ould provide jobs for tens of millions of poor laborers.

25. India will = be an economic world power in the next 25 years.

Vocabulary or questio= ns about the story?

&n= bsp;

Grammar= Point

In Lessons One and Tw= o, we found the subject place in our sentences. The subject is the word or words between the two x-word places.

Today we will find an= other place in our sentences, the shifter place. A shifter is a word or group of words that can shift (move) from the front of a sentence to the end, or sh= ift from the end of a sentence to the front and not change the idea of the sentence.

For example,

1. F= our people were eating sandwiches.

Sandwiches four people were eating= .

Were eating sandwiches four people= .

&n= bsp;

Sentence 1 has no wor= ds that can shift from the front to the end or from the end to the front. Sentence= one does not have any shifters.

= ; &= nbsp; &nb= sp; = ; &= nbsp; &nb= sp; End shifter

2. Four people ate sandwiches (after the class.<= o:p>

= ; &= nbsp; Front shifter

After the class) four people ate sandwiches.<= /p>

Sentence 2 has a shifter. "After the class" can be in the front or the end of the sentence and the idea does not change.

Exercis= e One -

Find the shifters in = the sentences 1-25 above. Follow= the examples,

= ; &= nbsp; &nb= sp; = ; &= nbsp; End Shifter

1. India has a strong ba= nking system (in its large cities.

<= o:p>

Front Shifter

2. In Beijing) China's banking syste= m is not very strong. =

&n= bsp;

Exercise Two –

Read the story out lo= ud with a neighbor. Take turns.=

At this time education is the largest business in the U= nited States. Millions of te= achers work in thousands of schools. Each school also has managers, office workers, and maintenance people. MPC has all of those workers, too, and each worker does special things. <= /span>

For example, I am an English teacher. I start work at 9 am.<= span style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'> I see students every day in my classes. <= /span>I explain English grammar in my morning class and reading in my online class. I also teach a linguistics class online. Everyday I talk to students in class.&nb= sp; I email students every= day. I check homework in the evening. I sometimes give tests. Then I grade them. Stud= ents ask me questions and I try to answer clearly. On some days I do a good job. O= n other days, I do not do a good job. <= o:p>

English classes are part of the Humanities Divis= ion. The Humanities Division also offers languages like Spanish, F= rench, Japanese, Arabic, Chinese, American Sign Language and German. MPC also has office workers in every office. The Humanities Division needs a secretary. She answers the phone, takes messages, an= d types lots of letters. She works hard, but she enjoys MPC. She likes helping teachers and students.

Of course, MPC has a President. He leads the college. He makes important decisions. He also= hires new employees. He travels to other schools. He attends meetings. He goes to Sacramento. He meets with the Governor to talk = about more money for schools. He drives all over the state of California.

MPC is beautiful. Wh= y is that? MPC employs a large maintenance staff. T= hey keep everything clean. They fix broken things. They plant beautiful gardens. MPC is beautiful because of them.= They are very important employees.

Exercise Three = 211; Find the shifters in the story above.

Exercise Four = 211; Return to the story above and change the time from present to In 2004. Now the= story is about the past. Rewrite the story.

Exercis= e Five – We need a volunteer to answer our questions. Who kn= ows about a business? What busin= ess do you know about? <= /span>

What questions can we= ask our classmate to learn about his/her business?

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Exercis= e Six – Talk with each other = about a business. Then, on a separat= e sheet of paper, write a short story about your business and/or your neighbor's business.

Exercise Seven – Find= the shifter places, 2 X-word places, and the subjects in the sentences below.<= o:p>

1. After class yeste= rday Susie returned home to get her two library books.

Rewrite this sentence three different ways.

     a.

     b.

     c.

2. Steven went to McDonald’s to= get a burger and fries for dinner last night.

Rewrite this sentence three different ways.

      a.

      b.

      c.

Exercise Eight –

Make questions about the underlined part in each sentence.

1. After class yesterday Susie returned home to get her two library books.

2. After class yeste= rday Susie returned home to get her two library books.

3. After class yeste= rday Susie returned home to get her two library books.

4. After class yeste= rday Susie returned home to get her two library books.

5. After class yeste= rday Susie returned home to get two library books.

6. After class yeste= rday Susie returned home to get her library books.

7. After class yesterday Susie retur= ned home to get her two library books.

Exercise Eight –

Do you know someone in another ESL class at MPC= ?

Who is it?

Do you meet each other during the break?

When did you first meet each other?<= /span>

Tell me about your friend.

When you finish talking to your partner, write = a story about your friend and/or your partner’s friend.

GRAMMAR POINT –

Prepositions are a s= mall group of words in English, but we use them all the time. For example, when we talk about <= u>time, we use

     1. on with a day or days – We= have class on Monday.

     2. in with a part of the day –= ; We have lunch in the afternoon.<= o:p>

        = ;            &= nbsp;           &nb= sp;            = ; Other parts of the day?

     3. at with night – We come ho= me at night.

  &n= bsp;      (exception)

     4. at with a specific time - I got up at 6:30 am.

     5. from starting time to end time - Ou= r class runs from 9 am to 11 am.    <= /span>

<= /p>
Exercise Nine – = Fini= sh the story with prepositions.

The Monterey Bay Aquarium is _= ___ Cannery Row ____ Monterey. S= ix days a week the Aquarium opens ____ 9 am ____ the morning and closes ____ 8 pm = ____ the evening. ____ Sunday the Aquarium opens ____ 10 am and closes _____ 6 pm. _____ night employees clean the f= ish tanks. They work ____= 9 pm _____ 8 am. _____ the ear= ly morning many fish like to eat. The f= ish eat ____ 5 am ____ 6 am.

Exercise Ten – <= /b>Tell= you partner about your daily schedule. Use prepositions in the five different = ways above. When you finish talki= ng, write a story about you and your neighbor’s schedules.

Lesson Five -

Grammar Point

Every sentence has two x-word places and a subj= ect place between. Every sentenc= e also has a front and end place for shifters, but sometimes the shifter place is "empty". Today we = will see that every sentence must have a Predicate. For example,

India has a strong banking system in its large cities.

In Beijing China's b= anking system is not strong.

The predicate place is between the subject and end shifter place. When there is no end shifter, t= he predicate is everything in the sentence after the subject.



        = ;            &= nbsp;           &nb= sp;

Exercis= e One -

In Lesson Six, we fou= nd the shifter places. Now let's find the two x-word places and the subject place= in each sentence. Then we will know the Predicate.

1.&= nbsp;    India has a strong banking system in its large cities.
2.&= nbsp;    In Beijing China's banking system is not very strong.
3.&= nbsp;    Organized banking is necessary for economic health.
4.&= nbsp;    India is ready to grow economically if it wants t= o.

5.&= nbsp;    China has controlled its population for many years.

6.&= nbsp;    Families have only one child because it is the law.

7.&= nbsp;    Today China's population is growing old.

8.&= nbsp;    It will soon have many older people.

9.&= nbsp;    Those older people will be retiring in the next 25 years.

10.= China's work force will get smalle= r.

11.= On the other hand, Indian families= have many children.

12.= Those children will be working for= the next forty years.

13.= During the last century India has developed a democratic government, free press and a peaceful society.

14.= India has some societal problems.<= o:p>

15.= India is much more peaceful than China.

16.= For example, China has about 2,000 antigovernment demonstrations every year.=

17.= China has planned its economic development because of a strong central government.

18.= Planning is necessary for success.=

19.= Even though it could help the econ= omy grow more quickly, India does not allow foreign investors.

     20. At this tim= e India must provide food for many of its poorer citizens.

     21. It costs In= dia 6.6 rupees to provide one rupee of food to the poor.

     22. This wastes= a lot of money for the Indian government.

     22. Indian laws discourage small businesses.

     23. India has o= ver 800 million people, although only 1 million people

        = ;   work in technology.

     24. This area c= ould provide jobs for tens of millions of poor laborers.

     25. India will = be an economic world power in the next 25 years.

Exercise Two –

Read the story below = out loud with your neighbor. Take turns.

For me every weekday night is about the same. After school I go home and have = some lunch. I rest for a short time. Sometimes I wash and iron a s= hirt or a pair of pants. At about 3 = o'clock I take a shower and get dressed. At 3:45 I leave the house. Sometimes I give my fr= iend a ride to work. Sometimes my f= riend takes me to work. I arrive at work at 4 pm. I have many things to do. At work = I organize my station. I fold about a million napkins and prepa= re the forks, knives, and spoons. I = fill the salt and pepper shakers and p= ut clean tablecloths on each table. I clean the seats of all the chair= s. I get ice and three trays of clean glasses.&nbs= p; The boss gives me an a= pron and a handshake. He tells me to have a good evening.= I also tell the other workers to have a good night. We hope for a busy evening.

In the middle of my shift, I take my break. I go outside and sit on a bench. I drink a soda and eat a small sandwich. The cook in the ki= tchen makes my favorite sandwich for m= e. I ask for an Italian salami and provolone cheese sandwich on Italian bread. The bread is hot and crunchy. The salami tastes a little spicy,= but I love it. My break finishes at 8:15 and I return to work. The restaurant is quiet and I can start to get ready to leave soon. In one more hour the server gives me my tips and we say goodnight and leave. I like my evening because the peop= le are nice.   I am lucky. Only n= ice people come to my restaurant.=

Exercise Three –

Rewr= ite the story about last night.

Exercis= e Four -

What did you do last night? Tell your partner. Write all the verbs on your paper.= Ask each other some questions. Then on a separate sheet of paper= , write about your and /or your partner's evening.

Lesson Six -

Exercis= e One - Use the following words to finish the st= ory.

only        even     = sometimes        ever         always        = ; completely     never        usually        = ; not     &= nbsp;      really         already        carefully

"Creating Pizza Perfection"

(adapted f= rom the Herald)



     Have you ______= made a pizza? Most restaurants will ________ throw the pizza dough up in the air to make it round and thin, bu= t the pizza may _______ fall on the floor. "Pizza My Heart" in Del Mon= te Center ________

trains its cooks. It _______gives new cooks a rubbe= r pizza to practice with.

Rubber pizzas ______ fly well.= Not much can happen to them. They= can _______ get dirty.   It = is _______ a mistake to practice, an= d the cooks at "Pizza My Heart" have ________ practiced for many hours= with rubber pizzas before they _______ touch a real one. They are _________ prepared to cook. They do ______ drop any pizzas.

Grammar Point -<= /o:p>

Every predicate has t= hree places: the X-word place, the= M place and the Y place. The X-word place can be empty or fil= led by an X-word. The M place is often empty, but it can be filled with words like

not, only, already, even, still, always, sometimes= ,

often, never, slowly, carefully, et= c.

The Y<= /b> place is always filled. The words in the "Y" place say something about the subject. Today we will find the three places= in the Predicate and in Lesson Seven, we will talk about the kinds of words t= hat can fill the Y place.

Exercis= e Two – Find the Shifters, two x-word places, Subject place, Predicate and M and Y places in each sentence above. = For example,

1.      = ; Have you ______ made a pizza?&nbs= p;

2.      = ; Most restaurants will ________ throw the pizza dough up in the air to

      make it r= ound and thin.

3.      = ; The pizza may _______ fall on the floor.

= 4.&= nbsp;       "Pizza My Heart" in Del Monte Center ________ trains its cooks. <= o:p>

= 5.&= nbsp;       It _______gives new cooks a rubber pizza to pract= ice with.

6.      = ; Rubber pizzas ______ fly well.&nb= sp;

7.      = ; Not much can happen to them.

8.      = ; They can _______ get dirty. =

9.      = ; It is _______ a mist= ake to practice.

10.   <= ![endif]>The cooks at "Pi= zza My Heart" have ________ practiced for many

      hours with rubber pizzas before they _______ touch a real one.

11.   <= ![endif]>They are _________ pr= epared to cook. <= /p>

12.   <= ![endif]>They do ______ drop a= ny pizzas.

Exercise Three – Finish the story by writing the verbs in their correct forms.         Some sentences a= re in the past and some sentences are in the present.<= /p>

     Two weeks ago m= y wife BE ______ not home and my son and I BE _______ very hungry. I never KNOW _________ what to co= ok, so I LOOK _________ in the freezer. I FIND _________ a Costco pizza. We usually BUY _________ a pizza every time we GO ______ to Costco. They COST _________ less than $10= and one BE ________ big enough for all of us to have for dinner. I TURN _________on the oven to 39= 0 and WAIT _______ for it to get hot. Then after the oven BE ________ hot, I PUT _______ in the pizza. My son and I PLAY _________ cards= for a while. He LOVE ________ to p= lay poker and of course, he BEAT ________me every game. He WIN ________ four times in a row. We QUIT ________ playin= g when the pizza BE ______ ready.

Exercis= e Four – Answer the following questions with your neighbor.

When is the last time= you had pizza?

Where did you get the= pizza?

What kind of pizza wa= s it?

Where did you eat it?=

How many slices did y= ou have?

How did it taste?

Who were you with?

Why did you choose do= eat pizza?

How often do you go o= ut to eat?

How often do you eat = pizza?

What did you talk abo= ut during dinner or lunch?

Did you have fun? Why= ?

When will you go out = for pizza again?

Have you ever made pi= zza at home? Tell me about it.

What is your favorite= food?

Where do you usually = go out to eat?

How much do you pay f= or dinner in a restaurant?

Do you leave a tip? H= ow much?

Exercis= e Five -

On a separate sheet of paper, write a story about your neighbor and/or yourself and your last piz= za.

Exercis= e Six – Rewrite the groups of= words in their correct order:

        = ;            &= nbsp;           &nb= sp;             Predicate

Front Shifter   X   Subject    X M Y      End Shifter.

1.     only for Pizza My Heart earns $7.50 a pizza deliverer an = hour.

2.     gets also tips howeve= r the deliverer.

3.     keep not he or she all the tips does.=

4.     share 1/3 of the tips= she must with the cooks always in the kitchen

5.     an employee an hour c= an $12 easily to $15 make.

6.     learn new employees m= ust the streets in Monterey quickly.

7.     the car the restaurant provides never and pays for gas never.

8.     each driver the resta= urant $.85 per pizza pays.

9.     drivers the restauran= t even free pizza gives.

10.      = ;       two drivers usually and always has during the week three or more <= span style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'>   drivers on the weekend= s has has Pizza My Heart

Exercise Seven – Correct the following sentences.

1.She took breakfast at 7:30 am this morning.
2. She has 22 years old.<= /o:p>

3. He like much different food= .

4. He can to make delicious spaghetti.

5.&= nbsp;    He want drive yesterday.

6.&= nbsp;    My friend likes be nurse because is very good job= .

7.&= nbsp;    Many person visit Monterey last year.<= /span>

8.&= nbsp;    People in my country likes go to beach when is ho= t and sunny.

9.&= nbsp;    Martin called his friend for ask him a favor.

10.=   Martin’s friend came to Martin’s house for help him.

GRAMMAR POINT –=

Prepositions are used to talk about places.

1. in + continent, country, state, and city

    Canada is in North America. There are 50 states= in the US.

    MPC is in Monterey.

2. on + street or floor of a buildi= ng

    MPC is on Fremont Str= eet. Our class is on the second floor.=

3. at + specific address or general= area of a building

   MPC is at 980 Fremont Stree= t. We will meet at the theater.=

4. on to talk about two surfaces to= uching

   The computer is on the tabl= e.

5. in to talk about contained

   My pens are in a bag.<= /o:p>

Exercis= e Eight – Finish the story with prepositions.=

      Mosul lik= es ____ visit his cousins. They live= ____ a farm _____ Ohio. Ohio is a s= mall Midwestern state _____ the United States.= They grow vegetables _____ their farm.    _____ the evening the= family like _____ sit _____ their front porch and look ______ the sky. They love ___ listen ____ music.<= span style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'> They spend a lot _____ time _____= their farm. They rarely go _____ town. They only go _____ tow= n ____ pick ____ their mail ____ the post office and ____ buy groceries and gasoline. All the farm anima= ls sleep ____ the first floor____ an old red barn. Mosul sleeps _____ the second floor. Life is hard ____ the farm, but the life is good.

Exercis= e Nine – Do you have friends or family in a different town? = Tell your partner about them. Tel= l your partner about their life. Wh= en you finish, write a story about your friends and your partner’s friends.= Underline all the prepositions in= your story.

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