Lesson Nine

Lesson Nine –

“Need a Lift?= 221;

Bernice Garchik loves her soft armchair. She reads in that chair. She watches TV in that chair. She even sleeps in tha= t chair. That chair can also help her stand up. She pushes a button on the remote control. The seat and back gently rise. They put her into a standing position. Bernice has joined thousands of other older Americans. She has bought a lift chair.

Millions of other Americans will also buy these kinds of chairs in the next few years. Lift chairs have become very popul= ar in the last 20 years. In the las= t 10 years sales have doubled. Cus= tomers buy 200,000 chairs each year.

These chairs have changed. Now they are more stylish. New technology has made them very smooth. Lift chairs cost betw= een $550 and $1,500. Pride Mobility Co= mpany sells 22 models. They have ju= st started making chairs with leather, massagers, and heaters. They will soon build chairs with mini-refrigerators. Next mont= h they will also begin to sell chairs with computer and phone jacks. Today’s older people are dif= ferent than 25 years ago. Nowadays o= lder people want to stay in their own homes.&nb= sp; They do not want to go to nursing homes. Many children have purchased chair= s for their parents. In the future = many more children will buy them for their parents.

La-Z-Boy is a company famous for its recliners. La-Z-Boy has b= egun to make many models of lift chairs. Next year they will introduce their “Grand Canyon lift chair&#= 8221;. It will hold a 500 pound person. They expect this chair to be= very popular.

Exercise One – Return to the story a= nd mark the x-words and underline= the verbs in each sentence.

Grammar = Point –

English has 16 ways to= write the verbs. For example,<= /o:p>

You walk to school.=

You are walking to school.=

You have walked to school.=

You have been walking to school.

You will walk to school.

You will be walking to school.

You will have walked to school.<= /o:p>

You will have been walking to school.=

&nb= sp;

You walked to school.

You were walking to school.

You had walked to school.<= /span>

You had been walking to school.<= /o:p>

You would walk to school.<= /span>

You would be walking to school.<= /o:p>

You would have walked to school.=

You would have been walking to school= .

Each way has its own s= pecial ideas, but you only need to think about three things to choose one of the 16 ways.

ORIENTATION – RELATIONSHIP – ASPECT<= o:p>

Today we will look at = the first two. =

ORIENTAT= ION - Is the sentence talking about the past or present?

RELATION= SHIP - Is the action at the “same time”, “earlier time” or “= later time”?

What are the Orientation and Relationship of each x-wor= d or verb below?

̶= 0;Jack-in-the-Box” makes delicious hamburgers!

I have eaten their double-bacon cheeseburger.

I will go to “Jack-in-the-Box” for lunch tomorrow.

&nb= sp;

Exercise= Two – Finish the story by wr= iting the verbs and x-words in the correct forms. What is the Orientation and Relati= onship in each sentence?

Find the places and ti= es in the sentences. What is the fo= rm or the verb?

“Need a Lift?= 221;

1. Bernice Garchik (love) __________ her soft armchair. <= /p>

2. She (read) ___________ in that chair.

3. She (watch) _______________ TV in that chair.

4. She even (sleep) _______________ in that chair.

5. That chair also (help) _______________her stand up.

6. She (push) _______________ a button on the remote control.

7. The seat and back gently (rise) _____________ .

8. They (put) _____________ her into a standing position. <= /p>

9. Bernice (join) ______________ thousands of other o= lder Americans. =

10. She (buy) ______________ a lift chair.<= /span>

11. Millions of other Americans (soon buy) ___________________ these chairs.

12. Lift chairs (become) _______________ very popular = in the last 20 years.

13. In the last 10 years sales (double) ____________________.

14. Now customers (buy) ________________ 200,000 chairs each year. =

15. The chairs (recently change) ______________. =

Exercise= Three – Tell your neighbor about your day toda= y or about your life in California. Use each of the following words at least onc= e.

already, lately, recently, yet, never, usually, seldom

soon, this afternoon, tonight, in a while, later today

Exercise= Four – Finish the story by writing the verbs and x-words in the correct forms. What is the Orientation and Relationship in each sentence?

Find the places and ti= es in the sentences. What is the fo= rm or the verb?

1. Now these chairs (be) _____________ more stylish.

2. Lift chairs (cost) _______________= _____ between $550 and $1,500.

3. Pr= ide Mobility Company (sell) _______________ 22 models.

4. Th= ey (just start) _________________ making chairs with heaters.

5. Th= ey (soon build) ____________________ chairs with refrigerators.

6. Ne= xt month they (also begin) _________________ to sell chairs with computer and phone jacks.

7. Today’s older people (be) _________________ different.

8. No= wadays they (want) __________________ to stay in their homes.

9. Th= ey (not want) _________________ to go to nursing homes.

10. M= any children (already purchase) ___________________ chairs for their parents. <= o:p>

11. I= n the future many more kids (buy) ___________________ them.

12. La-Z-Boy (be) __________________ a company famous for its recliners.

13. La-Z-Boy (begin) __________________ to make many models of lift chairs in t= he next few years.

14. N= ext year they (introduce) ________________ their “Grand Canyon chair”.

15. It (hold) __________________ a 500 pound person.

16. They (expect) ___________________ this chair to be very popular.

Exercise= Five – Write a second sentence about something earlier to exp= lain the first sentence. Follow the example. Use words like recently, already, yet and just<= /b>.

1.&n= bsp;    I am not hungry. I have just eaten.

     I want to go to Disneyland. ________________________________

     This car is not = safe. _______________________________________

     Can we see a dif= ferent movie? _______________________________

I am in level three this semester. _____________________________

I have money.&n= bsp; ____________________________________________

I need to call her. __________________________________________

He does not look well. __________________________________= ___

My friends do not live here anymore. _______________________________________________________

You look familiar. __________________________________= ______

Exercise= Six – Write a second sentence about something later. Use wo= rds like soon, later, in a while, tom= orrow, etc.

1.&n= bsp;    I can not do it now. _______________________________________

2.&n= bsp;    We are in grammar class now. _____________________________________________

3.&n= bsp;    He called me last night. _____________________________________

4.&n= bsp;    I need a few bucks ($). ______________________________________=

5.&n= bsp;    I do not have it with me now. _____________________________________________

6.&n= bsp;    My hair is so long. __________________________________

7.&n= bsp;    She has not been to school. ________________________________

8.&n= bsp;    We have talked about verbs only a little. ___________________________________________

9.&n= bsp;    I know the reason. ________________________________________________

10. = She does not have a computer. ____________________________________________________

Exercise= Seven –With your partner, talk about things earlier, the same time and later to explain more about each sentence below. Write your sentences on a separate piece of paper. For example,

       MPC = is a beautiful school.

       It is very modern. MPC takes care of its campus.

      It has built a new library. It has planted over 100 new trees= .

      The school= will soon paint the Humanities building.= Etc.

1. I feel happy today.

2. I feel tired today.

3. I feel _____ today.

4. I have free time today.

5. I have been very busy lately.

6. My friend likes California.

7. I enjoy coming to school.

8. It is hard for me to come to school.

9. I am not the same person I was five years ago.

10. Doris loves her life.

=

Possessives – Who owns what? English shows possession in different w= ays.

<= o:p>

<= span style=3D'font-size:16.0pt;line-height:115%'>A. Use apostrophes: Ruth has a book. Ruth’s book …

=         =     The children have a teacher. The children’s teache= r…

The class has a number.=    The class’ number…

=         The students have a problem.   The students’ problem…= ;

        = The man and woman have a friend.&nb= sp; The man and woman’s f= riend…

<= /span>

Exercise Eight – Use an= apostrophe to show possession.

=

1.&n= bsp;    Her father owns a home. _______________________________________ is old.

2.&n= bsp;    The bus has seats.     _______________________________________ are broken.

3.&n= bsp;    Pablo has a new cell phone.      ___________________________________ is red.

4.&n= bsp;    Switzerland has people.   ___________= _______________ speak three languages.

5.&n= bsp;    The countries have problems.    ____________________________ are economic.

6.&n= bsp;    The computer has a monitor.    ____________________________ is not working.

7.&n= bsp;    Century Theater has a snack bar.   _____________________________ sells pizza.

8.&n= bsp;    The brothers own a boat.    _______________________________ is 23 years old.
9.&n= bsp;    Nick and Mary share an apartment.   _____________________________ is small.

<= /span>

        =      You can have more than one = apostrophe or possession.

       Mart= y owns a car.   The car has a fl= at tire. Marty’s car’s flat tire …

Exercise Nine<= /span> – Combine the first two sentences with apostrophes.

=

1.&n= bsp;     Her father owns a home. The home = has a roof.    =

______________________________________ is very old.=

2.&n= bsp;     The bus has seats. The seats have cushions. <= /p>
______________________________________ are hard.

3.&n= bsp;     Pablo has a cell phone. The cell ph= one has a screen.

______________________________________ is large.

4.&n= bsp;     The country has people. The people have lives.=

______________________________________ are not easy.

= B. You can show possession with= Possessive Determiners.

my, your, his, her, its, our, y= our, their

I have a watch. My watch was a birthday present.

You own a jacket.= Your jacket is beautiful

Marilyn has a dog= . Marilyn’s dog is smart. Her dog is smart.

Youssef has some books. Youssef’s books…&n= bsp; His books…

The car has some problems. The car’s problems… Its problems…

You and I bought a pizza. Our pizza …

Juan and Kevin ow= n a TV. Juan and Kevin’s TV … Their TV …

Exercise Ten <= span style=3D'font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%'>– Show possession with a = possessive determiner.=

1.&n= bsp;    I have a headache.    &n= bsp;

____________________________ starte= d last night.

2.&n= bsp;    Martha bought a refrigerator.

_______= ____________________ is white.

3.&n= bsp;    Martha and her husband have two children. <= /span>

__________________ are in middle sc= hool.

4.&n= bsp;    You and I share dinner.

_______= ____________________ is chicken and rice.

5.&n= bsp;    Michael bought a book.

_______= ______________ is about American Indians.

6.&n= bsp;    You have a friend.

_______= ______________________ lives near the college.

7.&n= bsp;    The book has a name.   <= /o:p>

_______= _____________ is The Path to Healthy Living.<= o:p>

C. You can show possession with a Possessive Pronoun.

=         =             &nb= sp;             I have a car.   Mine is green. =

=          =             &nb= sp;      You have a car.   Yours is black.

=         =             &nb= sp; Marilyn has a car. &nbs= p; Hers is red.

=         =             &nb= sp; Michael has a car. &nbs= p; His is brown.

=         =       The company has a car. = Its is yellow.

=         =    My wife and I have a car.   Ours is red.

       You and your husband have a car.   Yours is blue.

   Martha and her husband have a car. Theirs is white.

Exercise Eleven – Finish t= he sentences with possessive pronouns.

1. This is not my coffee. _____ is on the table.<= /span>

2. Martha forgot her books. ______ are in her car.<= /span>

3. My friends brought sandwiches. _________ are from “Subway&#= 8221;.

4. You will like our TV. _______ is high definition.

5. That belongs to Paul. It is _______.

Exercise Twelve – Finish the story by adding capitals, punctuation, and prepositions. Ask a “yes/no” question to find the end of a sentence.

       have you ever been _____ a party _____ a state park marty has = gone _____ a lot _____ different parties most _____ them have been fun a few ____ them have been boring&nb= sp; _____ his birthday last year, _____ july 30, marty threw a party ___= __ garland park _____ carmel valley it was _____ sunday the party st= arted _____ 4 pm he invited 100 gue= sts _____ his party he also hired a ban= d, the rocky mountain boys   his family had sodas and beer _____ large coolers   they barbequed hamburgers an= d hot dogs marty always likes _____= put a lot ____ mustard and ketchup _____ his hamburgers a hamburger fell _____ his pants.<= span style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'> mustard fell _____ his shirt pocke= t everybody ate too much most people stayed _____ 4 _____ 9= pm then they went _____ marty’s= house _____ big sur he lives _____ highway one _____ number 1223   _____ marty’s house they had cake and coffee _____ his front y= ard

Exercise Thirteen – Ask your partner t= he following questions. When you finish, write a story about you and your partner’s conversation. Underline all the capital letters and prepositions in your story.=

When is your birthday?

Have you ever gone to a birthday party?

When was the party?&n= bsp; Where was it? Whose party was it?

How long did the party last?

Did the person receive any presents? What were they?<= /p>
Did you buy a present? What did you buy? How much was it?=

Why did you choose that present?

How many people came to the party?
Did someone bring a cake?

What do guests usually do at a birthday party?

What is your favorite kind of party? Why?

What is the last party you went to? When was it?

Have you ever given a party? Tell me about it.

Who did you invite?&n= bsp; Why did you give it?   Was it fun?

=

Lesson Ten -

"State Facing Tea= cher Shortage of 100,000"

(adapted = from the Monterey Herald)



     California does = not employ enough teachers, and this problem is getting worse all the time. In the year 2016 California will be facing a shortage of 100,000 teachers.&nbs= p; California is not doing anything to correct this problem. One third = of all California teachers will be retiring in the next ten years. 3% of all California teachers are retiring this year. Californi= a has not been planning for this problem. Since 2001 thousands of teachers have been leaving California schools each year. How is California dealing with this problem? San Jose is helping new teachers b= uy houses. Next year San Jose wi= ll even be giving gas money to teachers. Los Angeles has been bringing in teachers from other countries for t= he last few years. This year LA = is advertising in the Philippines, and next year LA will be hiring Mexican teachers. This problem is also getting bigger because the US government is putting pressure on schools.

&nb= sp;

&nb= sp;

&nb= sp;

Grammar = Point -

English X-word and Verb forms show Orientation (past or present), Relationship (earlie= r - same time - later), and they also show Aspect. Aspect means the action is a l= ong action and/or it continues. T= he action is not finished. The "ING" form shows this. These actions often have a specific point or period of time. For example,

We are talking in class now. =

(not finished, action continues now)

We talk in class everyday.

(action is finished in the present)

We have been talking in class for= 30 minutes.

(long action began earlier and continues, not finished now)

We have talked in class.<= /span>

(action finished earlier)

We will also be talking about verbs tomorrow at this time.=

(action not finished at a later time)

We will talk about verbs tomorrow= .

(action finished later)

Exercise= One – Mark the X-words and underline the verbs in the story above. Show the ties. What is the Orientation, Relations= hip, and Aspect of the action in ea= ch sentence?

Exercise= Two – Match each sentence wi= th a shifter.

a) for 20 minutes

b) at this time yesterday

c) every evening<= /p>
d) tomorrow evening at 7:30

e) yesterday afternoon

f) at this moment=

g) already (M-word)

h) later today

<= span style=3D'font-size:14.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>1.     He = is talking with his wife

2. He talks with his wife

3. He was talking with his wife

= 4.     He = talked with his wife

= 5.     He = will be talking with his wife

= 6.     He = will talk with his wife

= 7.     He = has talked with his wife

= 8.     He = has been talking with his wife

&nb= sp;

Exercise= Three – Show the ties in each sentence in Exercise Two.=

Exercise= Four – Tell your neighbor about your activities. Use the following shifters and M-w= ords in your sentences:

Now, every day, since February, already, for a few hours, next month, at 11 pm tonight, next week= , on Friday morning this week, today, tomorrow, earlier, before, in an hour, etc= .

Exercise= Five – Finish the story by wr= iting the correct form of the X-words and verbs.

1.     California (not train) ______________ enough teach= ers each year.

2.     This problem (get) ____________ worse now.

3.     In the year 2016, California (face) ______________= a shortage of 100,000 teachers.

=

4.     California (not do) _____________ anything to corr= ect this problem.

5.     One third of all California teachers (retire) _____________in the next ten years.

=

6.     3% of all California teachers (retire) ___________= __ this year. =

7.     At this moment eleven teachers (retire) ___________________.

8.     California (plan) _______________ for this problem since September 2004.

9.     Before this year thousands of teachers (decide) __= ____________ to retire from California schools.

10. How ______ California (deal) _______________ with = this problem at this time?

=

11. San Jose (help) ______________ new teachers buy houses.

12. Next year San Jose (give) _______________gas money= to teachers. <= /p>
13. Los Angeles (bring) ______________ in teachers from other countries for the last few years.

14. This year LA (advertise) ____________________ in t= he Philippines.

15. Next year from May to August, LA (hire) __________= ___ Mexican teachers. =

=

16. This problem (also get) _________________ bigger because the US government (put) _______________ pressure on schools.

Exercise= Six – Organize the words to = make correct sentences. Use the pl= aces in a sentence to help you. Wr= ite sentences 2, 6, and 8 in their three forms (affirmative, negative, and yes/= no question).

        =             &nb= sp;            =             &nb= sp;

        =             &nb= sp;            =             &nb= sp;            = ß Predicate=

        =        Front Shifter ) X   Subject   X M= Y     &nbs= p; ( End Shifter

1.&n= bsp;    studying over 5 milli= on children in California schools are now

2.&n= bsp;    been those children receiving have the best education not

3.&n= bsp;    to pass next year be the high school exit exams trying will thousan= ds of students

4.&n= bsp;    doing will next year at this time be you what

5.&n= bsp;    Bob's family in California living has since 1879 been

6.&n= bsp;    looking Bob is for a new apartment

7.&n= bsp;    Bob's friends helping been him have even look

8.&n= bsp;    earning Bob will be $400 a month only

9.&n= bsp;    money saving he for a few years been to move

10. = found Bob nervous because not he ha= s is a place getting yet

Grammar Point<= span style=3D'font-size:14.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'> – One way to co= mbine sentences is with a coordinator. English has seven coordinators. We will talk about four coordinato= rs today:

     and = =3D to sh= ow addition   Many students go to school, and they work.

     or =3D to show a choice =

        =      You can take the quiz today, or you can take the quiz tomorrow.

        = =3D to show an alternative<= /span>

        =     You need to register at MPC, or you can not take classes here.

     but =3D to show opposite

        =        Maria felt very sick, but she went to work.

     so =3D to show reason (cause) and result (effect)<= /o:p>

        =       Joseph was hungry, so h= e ate a sandwich.

Exercise= Seven – Add a coordinator= to join the ideas in the sentences.

1. On Martha’s birthday she will go to San Francisco, _____ she will go to Los Angeles.

2. She likes San Francisco, _____ she will probably visit the= re.

3. She has a car, _____ she will not drive there.

4. Martha will take a day from work, = ____ her best friend will go with= her.

5. Martha wants to eat calamari at Fisherman’s Wharf, ____ = she wants to eat pizza in North Beach.

6. She also needs some new clothes, _= ___ she will shop on Market Street.

7. She really enjoys the big city, ____ she wants to live in Montere= y.

8. She may invite her boyfriend, ____ she will not tell him about = her plans.

&nb= sp;

Exercise= Eight – Add a second sentence to the first sentence.

1. Marriage is a big decision, so ______________________________= _____

___________________________________________________________=

2. You can marry, or ___________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

3.   Not smoking is healthy, and _____________________________= ______

____________________________________________________________

4. Many countries fight wars, but _____________________________= ____

_____________________________________________________________

5. You can marry, and __________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

6. Not smoking is healthy, but _____________________________= _______

_____________________________________________________________

7. Not smoking is healthy, so _____________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

8. I can have lunch at 11 am, or ______________________________= _____

_____________________________________________________________

Exercise= Nine – With your neighbor, look around the room and write ten sentences on your own paper. Each sentence is about now, and each sentence has a diff= erent verb. You can also write sent= ences with the shifters this week, this month, and this year. Use a coord= inator in each sentence.

Exercise= Ten – Add coordinators<= /b> to combine sentences.

1. All teenagers want cell phones. Cell phones are expensive. =

2. A cell phone can cost $100.<= span style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'> The monthly service charge can be $50.

3. Cellular companies understand this. They have made the phon= es cheaper.
4. Parents do not want to pay for cell phones. They tell their kids to get a job.=

5. Then the children can pay for part of the phone. They will not get a phone.

6. A cell phone can make a child safer. A cell phone can also be more dangerous.

7. Cell phones have GPS devices. Parents can know the location of their children.

8. Just a few years ago, people used a pager. People used a c= ell phone.    Today they= use both.

Exercise Eleven – Finish the story. What are the Orientati= on, Relationship, and Aspect of each X-word and Verb?

It BE _______________ not easy to b= e a student. A student's day BEGIN________________ very early and often END _______________ quite late.<= span style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'> Many young children GET __________= ____ up at 6 am and RETURN __________________ home at 6 pm. Some kids even LEAVE _____________= ____ the house in their pajamas. T= heir parents TAKE _____________ th= em to a relative's house early in the morning.&n= bsp; Those parents also NEED ________________ to get to their jobs early. This BE _____________ = true about many students all over the world.&nb= sp; For example, Japan and California HAVE ______________ a 17 hour time difference. Now it BE ____________ 10 am here, but it BE __________ 3 pm there. Now all over Japan stu= dents GATHER _______________ their papers and books and they PREPARE ____________= ___ to leave school. Their day ST= ART ______________at 8am and END _______________ in a few minutes. Those students WORK   _________________ hard for t= he last seven hours. Many of tho= se students ______ not even EAT _________ lunch. Close to 50% of those students STI= LL STUDY _______________________ at 6 pm tonight because they GO __________ to special "cram&q= uot; schools six days a week.   In many countries students NEED _________________ special tests to go to high school, so they ATTEND ______________ cram schools. At this moment in Japan millions of students RIDE ______________________ on buses and trains. They CARRY ___________their heavy backpacks filled with books. = Their bodies BE __________ tired. T= hey READ ____________, WRITE ___________,   and THINK _____________hard = for hours and hours and their day BE ___________________ not over.   They RETURN _______________<= span style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'>   home on these same buses and= trains hours later.

Grammar Point<= span style=3D'font-size:14.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'> – A second way = to combine sentences is with an inclu= der. Includers make shifters. Today we will talk about five includers:

Because – to show reaso= n

        =            We pay taxes because government needs money.

        =            Because government needs money, we pay taxes.

Although – to show oppos= ite

              =      Marly eats chocolate although she is allergic to it.

        =            Although Marly is aller= gic to chocolate, she eats it.

When – to show actio= ns are at the same time

        =            Marly eats chocolate when she is nervous.

        =            = When she is nervous, Marly eats chocolate.

While – to show actio= ns are the same time

        =            You are listening while= I am talking.

        =            While I am talking, you= are listening.

        =             &nb= sp;

Since – to show a time relationship

        =        Marly has been living in Monterey since she arrived to California.

        =        Since she arrived to California, Marly has been living in Monterey.

        =        Marley has found a good job, since she arrived in California.

        =        Since she arrived in California, Marly has found a good job.

&nb= sp;

&nb= sp;

Exercise Twelve – Find the plac= es, ties, and the Y’s in the following Trunks and Shifters.

1.      We pay tax= es because government needs money.

2.      Although Marly is allergic to chocolate, she eats it.

3.     Marly eats choco= late when she is nervous.

4.     While I am talking, you are listening.

5.    Marly has been living = in Monterey since she arrived to California.

6.    Since she arrived in California, Marly has found a good job.

&nb= sp;

&nb= sp;

&nb= sp;

Exercise Thirteen – Finish the sentences.

1. Life in Monterey is quiet because _________________________= ___

2. Since I started classes at MPC, ________________________________

3. Many people watch TV when ____________________________= _____

4. I enjoy movies because ______________________________________

5. My neighbor and I are sitting while ___________________________= ___

6. Life in California is good when _________________________________

7. Life in California is good although ________________________= ______

8. Life in California is good because _________________________= ______

9. I enjoy myself while _________________________________________

10. I get angry when ___________________________________________

11. Your choice! _______________________________________________

12. Your choice! _______________________________________________

Exercise Fourteen – Talk with your neighbor. Tell each other abo= ut someone you know. Orient your conversation to the present and talk about the person at this moment. Tell y= our neighbor about finished, not finished, and long actions. Use an includer in each sentence. Write each sentence after you say it.

Exercise Fifteen – Tel= l your neighbor about your day. Talk= about now, earlier and= later. Talk about long actions and finish= ed actions. Use the inc= luders b= ecause, while, when, although, and since. Write each sentence after you say it.