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- Monterey Peninsula College
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- Because verb tense tells the reader about time relationships--past =
tense
shows something happened in the past--switching from one tense (or =
time)
to another can be very confusing to the reader. Switching fro=
m one
mood or voice to another can also be confusing.
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4
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- Tense tells about time.
Tense changes are required only when the time of action chan=
ges,
so tense should not switch when there is no time change.
- Usually, a switch in time is indicated by a word or phrase (a year =
ago,
next week, yesterday, etc.).
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6
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- I went into the building, and the next thing that I see is a man wh=
o is
holding a gun and demanding my money.
- In this case, the tense starts in the past with “went”=
but
switches to present with “see.”
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7
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- I went into the building, and the next thing that I see is a man wh=
o is
holding a gun and demanding my money.
- I went into the building and the next thing that I saw was a man wh=
o was
holding a gun and demanding my money.
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8
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- The directors are working on changes to the rules so that when stud=
ents left
their computers, they lost their privileges in the lab.
- This starts in the present with “are working” and swit=
ches
to the past with “left.”
- The directors are working on changes to the rules so that when stud=
ents leave
their computers, they lose their privileges in the lab.
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- After I saw the movie, I ran into Jane, and we stop to eat at the
restaurant, where I see my old boyfriend with Susie.
- All of these events happened after the movie, in the past.
- After I saw the movie, I ran into Jane, and we stopped to eat at the
restaurant, where I saw my old boyfriend with Susie.
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- Yesterday, I left my glasses at the doctor’s office, so right=
now,
I am having trouble reading.
- Note: there are two
different times indicated here:&n=
bsp;
“yesterday” and “right now.”
- The tense shifts from the past to the present to match those time
words.
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- I studied hard last night, so I think that I will get a good grade =
on
the test tomorrow.
- Note: there are three
different time periods being discussed in this one sentence.
- “studied” was in the past, “last night”
- “think” is in the present, the time this is said or
written
- “will get” is in the future, “tomorrow”
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- Simple:
- Present: I study.<=
/li>
- Past: I studied.<=
/li>
- Future: I will stud=
y.
- Progressive:
- Present: I am studying.
- Past: I was studying.
- Future: I will be studying.
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- Perfect Tenses:
- Present: I have studied.
- Past: I had studied.
- Future: I will have studied.
- Perfect Progressive:
- Present: I have been studying.
- Past: I had been studying.
- Future: I will have been studying.
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- Sam fixed the car and drives to the store for groceries.
- Sam fixed the car and drove to the store for groceries.
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- Sam fixed the car and drives to the store for groceries.
- switches from past to present tense
- Sam fixed the car and drove to the store for groceries.
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- Teresa always comes to work late and goes home early.
- Teresa always comes to work late and went home early.
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- Teresa always comes to work late and goes home early.
- Correct—habitual actions are usually described in the present
tense
- Teresa always comes to work late and went home early.
- Switches from present to past tense
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- I am working in the lab and study the lessons.
- I am working in the lab and studying the lessons.
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- I am working in the lab and study the lessons.
- Switches from present progressive “am working,” which =
shows
action in progress, to simple present “study,” which s=
hows
habitual action—two different things
- I am working in the lab and studying the lessons.
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- There are 12 tenses in English.
- Avoid switching tenses unless it is necessary to show a change in t=
ime
or meaning.
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- There are 3 moods in English
- Indicative
- Imperative
- Subjunctive
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- Used for statements and facts
- I am dead tired f=
rom
working.
- A mouse is a memb=
er of
the rodent family=
.
- Used for questions—interrogatives
- Do you love me?
- What is the reason
you’re late?
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- Used for giving orders
- Sit down and open your books.
- Take the book order to the office.
- Study!
- Please do the lessons on page 10.
- NOTE: the imperative =
is
rarely used in academic papers.
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- Does not include the subject.
“You” is considered the “understood”
subject and is not stated.
- Close the door.
- Sit over there.
- Uses the simple base form of the verb.
- Be quiet.
- Speak softly and carry a big stick.
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- Used for contrary-to-fact “if” and “as if”
statements and conditions
- Stan acted as if he were the king.
- Used for wishes
- I wish I were rich and famous.
- Used in some “that” clauses
- Mary suggested that she finish her work next week.
- The doctor recommended that Sara be examined.
- Used in set phrases
- Far be it from me to complain.
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- Present-tense verbs do not change form to show number and person but
always use the base form of the verb with all subjects (be, eat, dr=
ink, study).
- It is important that you be on time. (not “you are on
time”)
- Past-tense form of the verb be is always “were,” regard=
less
of the subject
- If I were rich, I would retire. (not “If I was”)
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- Conditions and statements with “if” and “as
if” that aren&#=
8217;t
possible use past form:
- If I were you, I would retire. (truth: I’m not you)
- She acted as if she were in charge. (truth: she wasn’t in charg=
e)
- If Tom passed the class, he would celebrate. (truth: there’s no chance h=
e will
pass the class)
- If he were at the party, he would know about the fight. (truth: he wasn’t at =
the
party)
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- If Tom passes the class, he will celebrate. (truth: he might pass)
- If he was at the party, he would know about the fight.
- (truth: he might hav=
e been
at the party)
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29
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- Wishes are conditions that don’t yet exist and are usually
expressed in the past form (even though they don’t refer to p=
ast
time).
- I wish I were in Hawaii. (I’m not)
- I wish you were there with me. (you’re not)
- I wish Mary Lou were the boss. (she isn’t)
- I wish I had a new car. (I don’t)
- I wish that John wanted to get married.
- (he is a conf=
irmed
bachelor)
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- Subjunctive with the simple base form is used in “that”
clauses following such verbs as ask, demand, insist, recommend, req=
uest,
require, and suggest:
- The instructor recommends that you be on time.
- Sara suggested that Tom take a break.
- Naomi insisted that her husband walk home.
- The President requests that Congress give him the power to make wa=
r.
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- Certain idiomatic phrases (set forms in common use) are always expr=
essed
in the subjunctive: a=
s it were,
be that as it may, far be it from me, if need be, come what may:
- Bush has, as it were, all of the power.
- Be that as it may, you still won’t pass.
- Far be it from me to tell you how to behave.
- If need be, you can call me at home.
- Come what may, I will retire next summer.
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- I wish I was three inches taller and 30 pounds lighter.
- I wish I were three inches taller and 30 pounds lighter.
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- I wish I was three inches taller and 30 pounds lighter.
- A wish requires the subjunctive “were” instead of
“was”
- I wish I were three inches taller and 30 pounds lighter.
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- Sam insisted that his daughter stays at home.
- Sam insisted that his daughter stay at home.
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- Sam insisted that his daughter stays at home.
- “That” clauses after verbs such as “insistedR=
21;
require the subjunctive base form of the verb
- Sam insisted that his daughter stay at home.
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36
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- Switching from the indicative to the imperative.
- The imperative is rarely used in academic papers and should be avo=
ided.
- Failing to use the subjunctive form of the verb correctly.
- It is necessary to study, practice, and learn subjunctive forms.
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37
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- When using the English & Study Skills Center, always log in, and
students should remember to log out.
- When using the English & Study Skills Center, students should a=
lways
remember to log in and log out.
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38
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- When using the English & Study Skills Center, always log in, and
students should remember to log out.
- switches from imperative to indicative—remember to avoid
imperative in academic writing
- When using the English & Study Skills Center, students should a=
lways
remember to log in and log out.
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- Students need to arrive on time to class; when the lecture begins, =
open
books and take notes quietly.
- Students need to arrive on time to class; when the lecture begins, =
they should
open their books and take notes quietly.
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- Students need to arrive on time to class; when the lecture begins, =
open
books and take notes quietly.
- Switches from indicative to imperative
- Students need to arrive on time to class; when the lecture begins, =
they should
open their books and take notes quietly.
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- There are 3 moods in English
- Indicative
- Statements, facts, questions (interrogatives)
- Imperative
- Subjunctive
- Contrary-to-fact
- Wishes
- “That” clauses
- Set forms
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- There are two voices in English:
- Active--the subject does the action.
- Sally ate the pizza.
- Joseph robbed the bank.
- Passive--the subject remains passive and someone or something else=
does
the action.
- The pizza was eaten by Sally.
- The bank was robbed by Joseph.
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43
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- Active—in this case, the subject “man” does the a=
ction
of the verb “shot.”
- The man shot the policeman.
- Passive—in this case the “policeman” becomes the
subject, but does nothing. The “man” does the action
“was shot.”
- The policeman was shot by the man.
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- Active:
- Passive:
- The car was wrecked by Jan.
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- The passive usually has a form of be (is, am, was, were, etc.) foll=
owed
by a past participle:
- The pizza is eaten by Susie.
- The car was driven by Jack
- The book has been studied by everyone.
- The lawn had been cut by the gardener.
- The work would have =
been
finished by
- Martin =
if he
had made time.
- The rule has been being followed by the guards.
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46
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- Passives can be made with a form of “get” followed by a=
past
participle. This is an informal but frequent usage.
- Raymond got fired by his boss.
- The dog got fixed by the veterinarian.
- Passives are sometimes made with a form of “have” follo=
wed
by a past participle. This is a very informal usage.
- Daniel had his car hijacked.
- Better: Daniel’s car was hi=
jacked.
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47
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- Most of the time, passives do NOT include the “by” phra=
se;
it is understood.
- The bank was robbed. (by someone)
- The man was convicted. (by the jury)
- The building was freshly painted. (by a painter)
- Stanley and Iris were arrested. (by the police)
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- It includes the proper name of an artist, inventor, or important pe=
rson.
- The home was designed by Frank Lloyd Wright.
- It includes information that is important to understand the message=
.
- The bank was robbed by a man wearing a purple headband.
- It includes surprising information.
- The pictures was painted by my dog.
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- The passive is often used to report the news, with or without the
“by” phrase.
- The bank was robbed. (by a thief)
- The man was arraigned. (by the court)
- The thief was apprehended by a group of citizens.
- Seven homes were destroyed by the tornado.
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- Passives are also used to show emphasis:
- If a student is writing about Michelangelo, the focus is on the ar=
tist.
- Michelangelo painted the Sistine Chapel. (Active)
- If a student is writing about the Sistine Chapel, the focus is on =
the
place:
- The Sistine Chapel was painted by Michelangelo.
- (Passive)
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- Stative passives LOOK like passives, but they don’t involve an
action; the past participle is acting as an adjective to describe:<=
/li>
- Passive
- The windows were broken by Jackie. (someone did this action)
- Stative Passive
- The house was old and rundown; the windows were broken. (no one d=
id
anything—this describes the state or condition of the windo=
ws)
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- The dog ate my paper.
- Hint: start wi=
th the
object and read backwards:
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53
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- My paper was eaten by the dog!
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54
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- The passive form is often weaker and less informative.
- It was decided to boycott the cafeteria.
- The boat was capsized.
- The active form emphasizes the actor or agent of the sentence.
- The student association decided to boycott the cafeteria.
- A giant wave capsized the boat.
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- It was reported by The Monterey Sentinel that low carbohydrate diets
have some benefits.
- The Monterey Sentinel reported that low carbohydrate diets have some
benefits.
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56
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- It was reported by The Monterey Sentinel that low carbohydrate diets
have some benefits.
- This is a weak construction—a wordy passive sentence.
- The Monterey Sentinel reported that low carbohydrate diets have some
benefits.
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- It was arranged to have the meeting in the Almaden Room.
- John arranged to have the meeting in the Almaden Room.
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- It was arranged to have the meeting in the Almaden Room.
- John arranged to have the meeting in the Almaden Room.
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- The man drove his car into the wall, and the car was wrecked.
- The man drove his car into the wall and wrecked the car.
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- The man drove his car into the wall, and the car was wrecked.
- Switches from active to passive
- The man drove his car into the wall and wrecked the car.
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- Ethel went to the church to get married, but she was jilted by her
boyfriend.
- Ethel went to the church to get married, but her boyfriend jilted h=
er.
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62
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- Ethel went to the church to get married, but she was jilted by her
boyfriend.
- Switches from active to passive
- Ethel went to the church to get married, but her boyfriend jilted h=
er.
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- The mission was founded on June 3, 1770, by Father Junipero Serra.<=
/li>
- Father Junipero Serra founded the mission on June 3, 1770.
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- The mission was founded on June 3, 1770, by Father Junipero Serra.<=
/li>
- The best choice—the focus stays with the mission. The founde=
r is
secondary information.
- Father Junipero Serra founded the mission on June 3, 1770.
- In this case, the focus switches to the founder and away from the
mission.
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- Tenses
- There are 12 tenses in English.
- Moods
- There are 3 moods in English
- Indicative (includes Interrogative)
- Imperative
- Subjunctive
- Voices
- There are 2 voices in English
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Notes![](3D"file:///C:/4DBCA2A2/ConsistencyVerb_files/buttons.gif")
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