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Conjunctions
Correlative
Subordinatin=
g
Coordinating=
Conjunctive =
Adverbs
By
Wanda Lockwood
Monterey Peninsula College En= glish & Study Skills Center
Monterey, CA
Wanda Lockwood
Monterey Peninsula College En= glish & Study Skills Center
Monterey, CA
Correlative conjunctions
are a little different from the
other types because they
work in pairs, joining
words, phrases, or clauses
that are equal (noun to noun,
for example)
=
There
are only 5 pairs to remember:
bot=
h and
eit=
her or
nei=
ther nor
not=
only but (also)
whe=
ther or
Be sure to put the conjunctions
directly in front of the words,
phrases, or clauses you
are joining.
Both the mother and
the baby
kangaroo
travel together.
Be sure to add the subjects
and use a plural verb with
both . . .and:
Both mosquitoes and
the porcupine
are a real
pain
at times.
Ladybugs are helpful both in the
flower garden
and in the vegetable
garden.
Both while
we were sleeping
and while
we were working,
the lion circled our camp.
=
OK,
which is correct?
A. &nbs=
p;
Both Sara and Ted
is=
coming
soon.
B. &nbs=
p;
Both Sara and Ted
are
coming soon.
=
OK,
which is correct?
A. &nbs=
p;
Both Sara and Ted
is=
coming
soon.
B. &nbs=
p;
Both Sara and Ted
are
coming soon.
B=
!! Add the subjects
Either…or is a little tricky
when you are joining two
subjects.&nb=
sp;
The verb matches
the subject that follows or.
Either the children
or Jessie
is arriving at noon.
Note: &=
nbsp;
the verb “is arriving” matches
“Jessie” and ignores “the
children.”
Ok,
let’s look at this again:
Either Mary and John
or the
rat=
is
stealing the cheese.
Note:
the verb “is stealing”
matches “the rat” and
ignores “Mary and John.”
Let’s switch:
Either the
rat or Mary&#=
13;
and John are
stealing the cheese.
Either my
income tax or
my bills
have to be finished
today.
W=
hich
one is correct?
A. Either the
throngs of people or
the dancing woman is
=
making a lot of noise.
B. Either the throngs
of people or =
the dancing
woman are making
a lot of noise.
W=
hich
one is correct?
A. Either the
throngs of people or
the dancing woman is
=
making a lot of noise.
B. Either the throngs
of people or =
the dancing
woman are making
a lot of noise.
A! =
Ignore
the first
subject.
If
correlative conjunctions join
independent clauses, you need
to separate them with a comma as you would with coordinating
conjunctions.
independent clauses, you need
to separate them with a comma as you would with coordinating
conjunctions.
Either Hitoshi
will finish
the drawings tonight, or
he will have to get
up and finish them
before breakfast.
Note:
here two
independent clauses
are being joined.
Neither . . . nor means “not one
or the other,” so don’t use
<=
/b>
an additional negative word,
=
such as not,
in the sentence:
Neither the
dog nor the cat likes
my neighbor.
Note:
when using neither=
. .
.nor to join subjects,&#=
13;
only the second subject matches the verb.=
Y=
ou can
say:
When I went to the
clinic, I didn’t see
the doctor or the nurse.
or<=
/b>
When I went to the
clinic, I saw neither
the doctor
nor the
nurse.
Neither tricks
nor mischief
convinces a teacher to improve
a grade.
Neither. . . nor is also a little tricky when
nor
is followed by an independent
clause. &n=
bsp;
You must follow the same
rule you learned when nor is used as =
a coordinating conjunction: remove
the not=
and reverse the subject and verb.
I don’t want to study, and I don’t&#=
13;
want to work.
Neither do
I want to study, nor do I want
to work.
Sean doesn’t want to do it,
and
I don’t want
him
to do it.
Neither does
Sean want to do
it,=
nor do I
want him to [do it].
NASA doesn’t want to cancel the flight, &#=
13;
and Charles (the astronaut) doesn’t want&#=
13;
to continue the flight.
Neither does
NASA
want to cancel the
flight,
nor does Charles
want to continue the
flight.
OK=
, which
is correct?
A.
Neither the dogs<=
/span> nor the
cat=
is in
the house.
B.
Neither the dogs<=
/span> nor the
cat are in the house.
OK=
, which
is correct?
A.
Neither the dogs<=
/span> nor the
cat=
is in
the house.
B.
Neither the dogs<=
/span> nor the
cat are in the house.
=
A!! Ignore the first subject.
When not
only . . . but (also) jo=
ins
two subjects, match the verb
<=
/div>
with the second subject:
Not only the wife but
also the
husband has
a non-traditional role.
Ming reads not
only
to her parents but
&nbs=
p;
also to her bears.
Not only . . . but (also) is a
little bit
different from other conjunctions
that include a negative. Reverse
the subject and verb after not only,
but don’t remove not.
Not only do
I not like to cook, =
but
also I
don’t like to clean house.
I don’t want to ski, but I don’t
=
;
want to stay at the lodge.
Not only do
I not want to
ski, but al=
so I don’t want
to stay at the lodge.
Modern art is unusual and
creative.
Modern art is not
only unusual but
also creative.
In sentences without not, still
reverse the subject and verb
=
after not
only.
Not only does
Jose love to work,
but also he
loves
to play!
A=
ll
right, which is correct?
A. Not only Mohammed is calling home, but
also Moussa is trying to e-<=
/u>mail his parents.
B. Not only is Mohammed calling home, but
also Moussa is trying to e-m=
ail his
parents.<=
/span>
A=
ll
right, which is correct?
A. Not only Mohammed is calling home, but
also Moussa is trying to e-<=
/u>mail his parents.
B. Not only is Mohammed calling home, but
also Moussa is trying to e-m=
ail his
parents.<=
/span>
B=
!!
Whether . . .or is also a little
different than the other pairs.
First, when they join subjects,
match the verb to the second.
=
Whether Monique
or Yolanda
has won isn’t clear.
Second, the whole first clause
with its subject and verb serves
as the subject for the second
=
verb.
That is, it’s a noun clause.
Whether Monique or Yolanda
=
has won isn’t clear.
Third,
we often use a shortened
form after the or when there
is
a <=
b>not in the clause; this joined clause
acts as a subordinating clause:
Whether
I have time or not, I have to study for the test.
Whether I
have time or =
I
don’t have time, I have &=
#13;
to study for the test.
o=
r
Whether or not
I have time, I have to study
for the test.
Yo=
u can
join two phrases:
Whether sitting
in the cafeteria
or =
standing
in the hall, the staff
couldn’t stop talking about the
news.
I’m not sure whether
Ross or
Jay=
was the
first to apologize.
Y=
ou can
join two simple subjects:
G=
ive
this a try:
A.
Whether Andrew or
Gretchen
are complaining
isn’t clear.
B.
Whether Andrew or Gretchen
is complaining
isn’t clear.
G=
ive
this a try:
A.
Whether Andrew or
Gretchen
are complaining
isn’t clear.
B.
Whether Andrew or Gretchen
is complaining
isn’t clear.
B=
!!
=
The
end.
' + ENDSHOW_MESG + '
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