Conj=
unctions
=
Subordinating
=
Coordinating
=
Conjunctive
Adverb
=
Correlative
By
Wanda Lockwood
Monterey Peninsula College En= glish & Study Skills Center
Monterey, CA
Wanda Lockwood
Monterey Peninsula College En= glish & Study Skills Center
Monterey, CA
Subordinating conjunctions join a dependent clause and an independent clause:
If
you’re not sure about the
difference
between these two
clauses,
review the first part of
Coordinating
Conjunctions.
Remember, Coordinating
Conjunctions just add ideas
together: =
1
+ 1 =3D 2
Subordinating Conjunctions,
on the other hand, show
relationships between ideas.
Subordinating
Conjunctions show these relationships:
•=
; Ti=
me
•=
Re=
ason
•=
Co=
ndition
•=
Su=
rprise or
contrast
•=
;Place
Time:
•<=
/span>Before
•<=
/span>After
•<=
/span>When
•<=
/span>While
•<=
/span>Whenever
•<=
/span>As soon as
•<=
/span>Once
Reason
•<=
/span>Because
•<=
/span>Since
•<=
/span>So that
•<=
/span>Whereas
•<=
/span> As=
Condition:
•<=
/span>If
•<=
/span>Unless
•<=
/span>Whether
•<=
/span>As if
•<=
/span>As though
•<=
/span>Provided that
Contrast
or surprise:
•<=
/span>Although
•<=
/span>Even though
•<=
/span>Than
•<=
/span>Though
Wherever
Everywhere
Place:
wher=
e
Ok, let’s take a look
at the differe= nce between coordinating
and subordinating
conjunctions
at the differe= nce between coordinating
and subordinating
conjunctions
Tom =
married
Sarah, and she won the lottery.
Now, since he married Sarah first, it
appears that this is true love.
If we switch the order, then we have a
whole different story:
Sara=
h won
the lottery, and Tom married her.
Now,
let’s look at what happens
when we try subordinating conjunctions!
when we try subordinating conjunctions!
Tom m=
arried
Susan _____she won the lottery.
because
(he’=
s a
golddigger!)
after
(questionable)
before
(True love!)
The
subordinating conjunction
shows the relationship between
the two clauses, so it doesn’t
matter which one comes first!
shows the relationship between
the two clauses, so it doesn’t
matter which one comes first!
I
get nervous when I see a dog.
When
I see a dog, I get nervous.
T=
here is
one little difference.
When
the subordinating clause
comes first, you must use a comma.
<=
/div>
You don’t use a comma when
the
subordinating clause is second.
B=
efore I see you=
, you’d better run!
You&=
#8217;d
better run before I see you!
A=
fter you look up, you’ll scream!
You&=
#8217;ll
scream after you look up!
While you
were sleeping, I was
working like a beaver.
I was working like
a beaver <=
b>while
you were sleeping.
I f=
eel
like singing whenever I see you.
Whenever I
see you,
I feel like singing.
As soon as Bowser
sees me,
he starts to drool.
Bowser starts to drool
as soon as he
sees
me.
Note: be sure to use the
name “Bowser” before
the pronoun “he.”
Ok,=
which
is correct?
A. When Jack
gets
home, he reads.
B. When Jack
gets
home he reads.
Ok,=
which
is correct?
A. When Jack
gets
home, he reads.
B. When Jack
gets
home he reads.
=
A!!!
A. I always
hope it’s not a
salesperson when I answer the
phone.
B. I always
hope
it’s not a salesperson,
when I
answer the
phone.
A. I always
hope it’s not a
salesperson when I answer the
phone.
B. I always
hope
it’s not a salesperson,
when I
answer the
phone.
A. Whenever the
phone rings it’s a
salesperson.
B. Whenever the phone rings,
it’s a salesperson.
A. Whenever the
phone rings it’s a
salesperson.
B. Whenever the phone rings,
it’s a salesperson.
=
B!!
Stay
out of the water because the
alligator is watching.
Because the
alligator is watching,
<=
/span>
stay out of the water.
Since I
don’t have to work, it’s party
time!!
It’s party time
since I
don’t
have to work!!
You have to have wings
so that you
can fly.
So that you
can fly, you have
to have wings.
Whereas
you’ve worked hard,
<=
/b>
you’ll get a reward.
You’ll get a
reward =
whereas
you’ve worked
hard.
As
I’ve been saving, I can afford to
retire.
I can afford to retire
as =
I’ve
been saving.
OK, let’s do a quick check.
Which is correct?
A. He won, because
he bought a ticket.
B. He won because
he bought a ticket.
OK, let’s do a quick check.
Which is correct?
A. He won, because
he bought a ticket.
B. He won because
he bought a ticket.
B=
!!
Note, we used to put a comma before “because,” but we don’t any longer.
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=
If you yell at me, I’ll feel sad.
I&#=
8217;ll
feel sad if you yell at me.
Unless you
wake up, you won’t get
anything done.
You won’t get anything done unless
you wake up.
As if he
were an ant, he worked all day.
He worked all day as if he
were an
ant.
Whether you
sink or swim, you
have to jump in the water.
You have to jump in
the water
whether you sink or swim.
Whic=
h is
correct?
A. If you go to chef
school,=
you can work in
a good restaurant.
B. If =
you go to
chef
school you can work in
a good restaurant.
Whic=
h is
correct?
A. If you go to chef
school,=
you can work in
a good restaurant.
B. If =
you go to
chef
school you can work in
a good restaurant.
=
A!!
As though I
could control the
mouse problem, I put out mousetraps
all over the house.
I put out mousetraps all over
the house<=
b> as
though I could
control the mouse problem.
Although bees can sting,
bees are good for the garden.
Bees are good for the garden
although bees can sting.
Even though he’s
a skunk,
I like him.
I like him even
though he’s
a
skunk.
Though I
know I should clean house,
<=
/b>
I’m always so tired in the evening.=
I’m always so tired in
the evening though
&nb=
sp;
I know I should clean
house.
Than is a
little tricky because
you can omit words after it.
He =
is
taller than I [am tall].
You can just say:
He is taller than
I.
Einstein was more intelligent than
most of my teachers [are intelligent].
Note:
while it’s is <=
u>possible to
use than in the reverse,
it’s not usually done.
<=
/div>
Than most of
my
teachers [are intelligent],
Einstein was more
&nb=
sp;
intelligent.
Mary is eight years old. Morgan is one year
old.
She=
is
older than
??
Mary is eight years old. Morgan is one year
old.
She=
is
older than
??
=
he.
I n=
ever
read. Corrine reads every d=
ay.
Corrine gets a lot better
grades =
than ??
I n=
ever
read. Corrine reads every d=
ay.
Corrine gets a lot better
grades =
than ??
I=
.
Tara plays sports.
Annie and
Carrie don’t.
They are less
athletic <=
b>than ??
Tara plays sports.
Annie and
Carrie don’t.
They are less
athletic <=
b>than ??
=
she.
Everywhere I
go, I see fools
hitchhiking.
I see fools hitchhiking
everywhere I
go.
W=
herever I go,<=
/b> I see police officers.
I see police officers
wherever I
go.
Which=
is
correct?
When my
grandmother was young
she worked very hard.
When my
grandmother
was young<=
b>, she worked
very hard.
Which=
is
correct?
When my
grandmother was young
she worked very hard.
When my
grandmother
was young<=
b>, she worked
very hard.
A. You will
learn
a lot if <=
/span>you read.
B. You will
learn
a lot, =
if you read.
A. You will
learn
a lot if <=
/span>you read.
B. You will
learn
a lot, =
if you read.
Jessica works.
Her husband doesn’t.
He is
lazier than??
A. her
B. she
Jessica works.
Her husband doesn’t.
He is
lazier than??
A. her
B. she
All right!!&=
nbsp;
You are
ready to move on
to the next lesson--
Conjunctive Adverbs.
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